Environmental Life Cycle Costing - Chapter 9 doc

... approximately in 199 0; © 2008 by the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) 162 Environmental Life Cycle Costing raw material acquisition to production, use, end-of -life treatment, ... the environmental aspects and potential impacts” throughout a product’s life cycle from © 2008 by the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) 160 Env...

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... and Questions 1 09 6.8.1 Time-Related Questions 1 09 6.8.2 Result-Related Questions 1 09 6.8.3 Functional Unit-Related Questions 110 6.8.4 Tentative Answers 110 Chapter 7 Life Cycle Costing Case Studies ... Chemistry (SETAC) xxvii Executive Summary Environmental Life Cycle Costing Environmental life cycle costing (LCC) summarizes all costs associated with the life...

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... Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) 34 Environmental Life Cycle Costing TABLE 2.3 Summary of recommended discounting of the life cycle costing results LCC types Environmental ... of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Modeling for Life Cycle Costing 19 investments. However, surveys indicate (see Chapter 6) that some corporations ar...

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... 10 9 208 1.88 10 12 1.77 Fe-ore 5.07 10 11 0 .96 1 4.87 10 11 0.46 Pt-ore 1.24 10 5 7.43 10 6 9. 21 10 11 0.87 Pd-ore 9. 90 10 4 7.43 10 6 7.36 10 11 0. 69 Pb-ore 2.80 10 9 175 4 .90 10 11 0.46 P-minerals ... External Effects into Life Cycle Costing 67 Damage costs have been evaluated in the ExternE Project of the European Union (Bickel and Friedrich 2005; EU DG RTD 199 5, 199 9...

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... formalized, as is elaborated upon in Chapter 9. Though there had been research on social life cycle approaches and interrela- tions to LCA in the 199 0s (O’Brian et al. 199 6), this subject has not signicantly ... 199 6), with the rst studies stem- ming from the late 196 0s and early 197 0s (Hunt and Franklin 199 6). These holistic approaches represent a shift from pollution preve...

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... 94 5 € 10 890 € 1 099 0 € Life cycle costs (per annum) Acquisition costs 197 7 € 2164 € 193 6 € Fixed costs 1753 € 191 1 € 1527 € Operating costs 90 9 € 96 4 € 99 8 € Maintenance costs 352 € 490 € 318 ... € 490 € 318 € Total annual life cycle costs 499 1 € 55 29 € 47 79 € © 2008 by the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) 140 Environmental Life Cycle...

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... United States, 199 6 97 and Injury Chartbook , USDHHS. DHHS Publication No. (PHS )9 7-1 232, July, 199 7. 9. American Cancer Society, Cancer Facts & Figures — 199 9 , 199 9, 4. 10. American ... a — 12.8 a — 196 0 125.8 0.3 19. 2 50 197 0 1 29. 8 3.5 28.4 122 198 0 132.8 5 .9 36.4 184 199 0 135.0 7.6 41.4 223 199 5 1 29. 9 3.5 39. 7 210 a The rate of 195...

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... (OECD/NEA), 20 radionu- clides were released into the atmosphere. They included iodine-131 with a half -life of 8 days; cesium-134 and cesium-137 with half-lives of two and 30 years, respec- tively; and ... (c) Alaska’s oil spill, 198 9. LA4154/frame/C03 Page 29 Wednesday, May 17, 2000 3:42 PM © 2001 by CRC Press LLC 28 ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY on living systems. Long-term exposure...

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... form, 1,25-dihydroxy-D 3 , the “hormone-like” substance. In other words, vitamin D 3 (chole- calciferol) is first hydroxylated in the liver to 25-hydroxy-D 3 . The resultant 2 5- hydroxy-D 3 is then converted ... 707, 199 9. 18. Patel, D. and Chinoy, N.C., Ameliorative role of amino acids on fluoride-induced alterations in mice (Part II): Ovarian and uterine nucleic acid metabolism, Fl...

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... Environ. Sci. Technol ., 32, 2547, 199 8. 5. Odum, J.R. et al., The atmospheric aerosol-forming potential of whole gasoline vapor, Science , 276, 96 , 199 7. 6. Costa, M. and Mollenhauer, H.H., ... ., 52, 353, 199 5. 8. Schwartz, J., Total suspended particulate matter and daily mortality in Cincinnati, Ohio , Environ. Health Persp. , 102, 186, 199 4. 9. Brauer, M. and Hisham-Has...

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