Radionuclide Concentrations in Foor and the Environment - Chapter 10 pptx

... 346 Radionuclide Concentrations in Food and the Environment 10. 2.4 MASKING OF ILLICIT MATERIALS Knowledge of the underlying deficiencies of radiation detection instruments and the inherent ... detectors, and Peltier-cooled PIN detectors [61]. A PIN detector works in the same way as a p-n junction, but it has an intrinsic layer between the p-n junctions, hence the...

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... LLC 114 Radionuclide Concentrations in Food and the Environment On the other hand, artificial radionuclides are stored in the stratosphere and fall to the Earth’s surface according to atmospheric ... the behavior of long-lived radionuclides in soil. Factors in uencing the behavior of radionuclides in soils are mainly the chemical properties of the radioel...

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... acid-free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 International Standard Book Number -1 0: 0-8 49 3-3 59 4-9 (Hardcover) International Standard Book Number-13: 97 8-0 -8 49 3-3 59 4-5 (Hardcover) This book contains information ... extent of the spread of contamination. The remaining chapters of this book discuss the hazards and radiation safety connected with radionuclides in food...

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... Radionuclide Concentrations in Food and the Environment Most of the radionuclides to which we are currently exposed in our foods and the environment come primarily from the naturally occurring primordial, secondary, ... sit in interim cooling sites (ponds or air-cooled containers) so that the short-lived radionuclides pro- duced during fission and neutron release...

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... 131 I in the vicinity of the point of release. Predicted situation 24 hours from the beginning of the release. The point of the release is the site of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. The source ... LLC Radioactivity in the Air 51 FIGURE 3.2 Example of the maps of 137 Cs ground deposition in the vicinity of the point of release as a function of the time f...

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... LLC 98 Radionuclide Concentrations in Food and the Environment these sands and by competition for adsorption of the calcium ions contained in the solution plume leached from the wastes. One of the ... sinking particles. On the other hand, such removal processes are reduced in the open ocean; the sinking processes for lead are also reduced and therefore the...

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... LLC 180 Radionuclide Concentrations in Food and the Environment by the ratio at equilibrium between the activity concentration in the animal product considered and the amount ingested daily in the ... l/kg in freshwater systems and 550 l/kg in the marine environment. These differences are explained by the salinity and, more precisely, by the stable is...

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... exposure and potential effects. The difficulty arises in trying to measure them, either in the field or in a laboratory setting, and then interpret them with regard to an organism’s radiosen- sitivity. ... nuclear weapons was the developing awareness of the existence and global distribution of radionuclides. Interest grew in understanding where radionuclides went in the...

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... by industry regulators. Information generated in routine monitoring programs is invaluable in determining the effect on the environment and food of proposed emissions and routes and levels of radionuclides ... reindeer meat in 1986, and later demonstrated a marked seasonal variation in the concentration linked with the migration of the animals between their summer...

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... between the count rate of the γ-ray standard and the sample counting efficiency is obtained using a set of quenched standards. The α particle-emitting radionuclides can be measured by a liquid scintillation counter ... range of 100 keV to about 10 MeV, and cannot be used for low-energy - and x-rays because they cannot penetrate the aluminum detector window and high-ene...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20