... cardiovascular surgery.Possible impact of changes in initial clinical training systemJapan introduced a new clinical training system in 2004, and this will probably affect physicians' career ... physicians, the percentages of physicians working in rural areas and the average ages of physicians. The national population in these years wasobtained by referring to the Japan Population Census and the ... Sciences, National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan, 4Department of Health Management and Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan and 5Department of...