ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 13 pptx

... same population. Time-to-event data can also be analyzed with semiparametric and parametric methods. These semiparametric and fully parametric models are expressed either as proportional hazard ... cancer example, the effect of creosote contamination on ln time-to-fatal cancer might be estimated with an accelerated failure model. The median time-to-fatal cancer appearance might be 230 days .....

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... United States of America on acid-free paper 10987654321 International Standard Book Number -1 3: 97 8-0 -8 49 3-3 35 7-6 (Hardcover) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded ... understand its parts and also how that level functions as part of a larger whole. This can only be done by simultaneous and thoughtful application of microexplana- tion, holi...

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... in adults in that particular part of the estuary. particular habitat can sustain. As an example, phosphorus might limit the standing crop of a nuisance blue-green algalspecies ina freshwaterlake ... might take an autecological vantage to managing that particular species. Another example of an autecological topic might be how the physiological tolerances of an estuarine crab relative to sali...

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... genetic variation (including additive-, epistatic- and dominance-associated variance), environmental variation and, perhaps, the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. • Narrow sense ... population that has adapted successfully to an environmental toxicant will not necessarily be optimally adapted for a clean habitat. (2) Natural selection leading to successful adaptation re...

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... comparison of beak sizes among allopatric and sympatric pop- ulations of Galapagos finches. Assuming that beak size is an appropriate surrogate for resource use, the greater separation of beak ... statisticalnull hypothesistesting paradigmhas becomeso catholicand ritualizedas toseemingly impede clear thinking and alternative analysis approaches. (Anderson et al. 2001) Statistical approaches .....

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... pH and organic matter may affect nitrification rates and contaminant bioavailability, experimental approaches are necessary to determine if the relationship between nitrification and soil characteristics ... Bernhard-Reversat, F., and Lavelle, P., Influence of heavy metals on C and N mineralisation and microbial biomass in Zn-, Pb-, Cu-, and Cd-contaminated soils, Appl. Soil Ecol., 25, 99–109, 2...

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... Phase I reactions (Slater 1984). As a final example, enhanced oxidative damage at high metal concentrations occurs due to hydroxyl radical formation. In such a case, more metal ion is available ... Function or purpose Associated process Metabolism (anabolism and catabolism) Translation TranscriptionExcretion, respiration, detoxification, and sequestration Maintain soma, control aging Mai...

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... soma, they are also relatively unavailable for trophic transfer to grazers, predators, or parasites (Nott and Nicolaiduo 1993, Wallace and Luoma 2003, Wallace et al. 2003). Let us examine details ... accumulation of metals in Littorina littorea hepato- pancreas and kidney as arising from metal ligand-binding tendencies with pyrophosphate granules in cells of the hepatopancreas and with S-rich...

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... cerebellum (Acquaah-Mensah et al. 2001). Acrylamide, a chemical contaminant that has been found in some foods, can cause axon damage, producing loss of coordination (ataxia) and skeletal muscle weakness (LoPachin ... or urea. Crustaceans excrete primarily ammonia via antennal glands and insects have Malpighian tubules that excrete uric acid. Both crustaceans and insects also have nephrocyte...

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... such as lead can be excreted via the mammalian liver by an active transport mechanism (Rozman and Klaassen 1996). Abou-Donia et al. (2002) also make the generalization that a molecular weight greater ... gill ATPases. The basolateral membrane of gill cells, which have high Na + /K + -ATPase activity (Evans et al. 1999), is the site ofATPase-mediated transport of many metals such as silver i...

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