ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 12 pot

... habitat sustaining the metapopulation components in adjacent, clean habitats. Such keystone habitats are crucial for maintaining the population in adjacent areas and some species are particularly ... (Catostomus commersoni) in a metal-contaminated lake (McFarlane and Frazin 1978). Theoretical models for disease in pop- ulations (Moolgavkar 1986) and population impact of toxicants (Callow an...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... this approach include Cahill et al. (2003), Czub and McLachlan (2004), Gobas and Mackay (1987), Hickie et al. (1999), Mackay (1979, 2001), Mackay and Wania (1995), and Wania and Mackay (1995). As ... of Bioaccumulation and Bioavailability 123 the reference compartment and clearances are calculated relative to that compartment. Clearances can be expressed as volume/time or as mass-normalized...

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... 2)/r. This model may be applicable for some situations such as the early growth dynamics of a population introduced into a new habitat or a Daphnia magna population maintained in a laboratory culture ... clearly articulate a new population-based paradigm. Also, nontraditional methods must be explored carefully in order to generate a belt of auxiliary hypo- theses around this new p...

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... multiplied by the scalar. Let b be a scalar with value 12 and A bea2×2 matrix: 12 A = 12  a 11 a 12 a 21 a 22  =  1 2a 11 1 2a 12 1 2a 21 1 2a 22  . Multiplication of a matrix A by another matrix B is ... stages: embryos →larvae →28-day larvae →1-year-old adults →2-year-old adults →3-year- old adults (Munns et al. 1997). Sex-dependent vital rates can be impo...

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... Animal Systematics and Population Studies, Academic Press, Sydney, Australia, 1986. Robison, S.H., Cantoni, O., and Costa, M.,Analysis of metal-induced DNAlesions and DNA-repair replication in mammalian ... (NCRP 1993). 17.2.3 MUTATION RATES AND ACCUMULATION The natural rate at which mutations appear varies among genes and species. Rates for bacteriophage, bacteria, and vertebrate species ran...

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... simplification and the aggregation of information into basic parameters. Models allowed a clearer understanding of contaminant influence on the temporal dynamics of populations than afforded by conven- tional, ... crucial to understand the source–sink dynamics of the habitat mosaic populated by a species. Some poor habitats can contain a number of individuals only if a source habitat is...

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... disturbance. Multivariate analyses provide a graphical representation of separation and overlap of communities based on linear combinations of a large number of variables (e.g., abundances of ... (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae) at two stations in the Arkansas River, Colorado (USA). Reduction in Zn concentration at station EF5 was associated with an immediate increase in abundance of these...

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... Multimetric approaches are computationally simple, but are data-intensive and often require a comprehensive understanding of ecology and nat- ural history. These approaches have been especially effective ... contaminants in organisms and attempting to quantify contaminant transport among biotic and abiotic compartments. What is generally lacking from many ecotoxicological investigations h...

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... that radio- active materials moved between biotic and abiotic compartments and accumulated in food chains was a significant discovery that linked basic and applied ecological research. A readily ... striking aspect of this original work was Lindeman’s attempts to quantify seasonal dynamics of vegetation and animal production in a small lake (Cedar Bog Lake, Minnesota) and to characterize...

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... experimental facilities in North America: The Hubbard Brook Ecosystem study area in New Hampshire and the Experimental Lakes Area in Ontario, Canada. As a consequence of these early experiments, a large ... structural and functional meas- ures contaminant-specific, it may also vary with level of contamination and characteristics of the exposure system. In a comprehensive analysis of st...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20