dynamic land usecover change simulation geosimulation and multiagent-based modelling

... the landowner can decide the following decisions: • Leave the land at current circumstances; • Develop the land by changing the land usage and exploit it; • Develop the land by changing the land ... productive lands and the abandonment of marginal lands (Ellis and Pontius 2006). Land use changes are increasingly known as the consequence of actors and factors’ interactions...

Ngày tải lên: 29/05/2014, 23:49

... ClimatechangeasenvironmentalandeconomichazardGuestEditor: Boris Porfiriev Climate change as environmental and economic hazard Guest Editor Boris Porfiriev Russian Academy of Sciences Climate change ... treatment. In particular – and of no less significance than climate change – natural and human- made hazards should be considered and contrasted against climate change and it...

Ngày tải lên: 07/10/2012, 15:56

... renewal and transformation; and (3) and understanding of change and uncertainty as inherent in social-ecological systems. This statement strongly reflects the convergent aspects of CCA and DRR. ... both DRR and CCA (e.g. UNISDR Working Group on Climate Change and the Red Cross/Red Crescent Climate Change Center), suggesting that DRR has much to contribute to CCA policy and...

Ngày tải lên: 07/10/2012, 15:56

... Geneva, Switzerland. ISDR, 2009. Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction: Risk and Poverty in a Changing Climate. United Nations, Geneva, Switzerland. Janssen, M. A. and Anderies, J. ... 451–456. Meyer, W. B. and Turner, B. L., 1992. Human-population growth and global land- use cover change. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,23.39–61. Næss, L. O., Bang, G., Erik...

Ngày tải lên: 07/10/2012, 15:56

... variability in landfalls. 3.2. Landfall rates and proportion Table 2 shows for three different periods – 1900 – 2008, 1951–2008 and 1979–2008 – the frequency of annual landfalls in the first and second ... the number of storms making landfall (cf. Elsner and Bossack, 2001; Elsner et al., 2003; Nzerem et al., 2008; Smith, 2008) and also in the intensity of storms at landfall (Landsea,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/10/2012, 15:57

... Histogram of running five-year number of land- falls, 1851–2008 FIGURE 6 Histogram of annual number of land- falls, 1851– 2008 United States hurricane landfalls and damages 197 ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS interests ... 2005 baseline. 2006 had no hurricane landfalls, and thus no damage. 2007 had one landfall, with USD500 million in damage (see Blake, 2007). 2008 had three hurricane landfalls...

Ngày tải lên: 07/10/2012, 15:57

... The Netherlands Natural disasters have increased in frequency and severity during the last few decades, causing considerable economic damage and loss of life. A combination of climate and socio-economic ... structural, policy-induced change and temporary effects due, for example, to fluctuations in the business cycle. The CCC will also seek to deepen its under- standing of sectors a...

Ngày tải lên: 07/10/2012, 15:57

... considerable con- sequences for small island states and countries with extensively populated deltas and coastal areas, such as the Netherlands, Vietnam and Bangladesh. The IPCC (2007) states that ... uncertainty and ambiguity is associated with both the frequency of a disaster occurring and the damage that it will cause. Constructing different scenarios of climate and socio-econom...

Ngày tải lên: 07/10/2012, 15:57

... pro- jections of climate and socio-economic change and modelling of future changes in natural disas- ter risks are needed to steer adaptation and risk management strategies. An understanding of households’ ... (Albala- Bertrand, 2006). 3. Deforestation may also increase the vulnerability to disasters caused by climate change, for example, because of soil erosion and landslides re...

Ngày tải lên: 07/10/2012, 15:57

... wetlands which perform essential hydrological, biological and chemical functions and which support and maintain the productivity and health of the river systems. A number of the Basin wetlands ... Austra- lia, irrigated land is just 0.6 per cent of total agri- cultural land and the proportion in the Basin is 2 per cent, making up 65 per cent of Australia’s total irrigated agricu...

Ngày tải lên: 07/10/2012, 15:57