Embedded systems x

... and fan combination are. Embedded systems must operate under extreme environmental conditions Embedded systems are everywhere. Everywhere means everywhere. Embedded systems must run in aircraft, ... that have evolved to support the embedded system development process gives you a way around this dilemma, which is discussed in the next section. Embedded systems require specialized tools ... most likely using an RTOS Like embedded processors, embedded operating systems also come in a wide variety of flavors and colors. My students must also pick an embedded operating system as part...

... designing embedded systems? Because my experiences working in the industry and, more recently, working with students have convinced me that there is a need for such a book. For example, a ... an introduction to embedded systems. Later, there’ll be a lab course. Eventually this course will grow into a full track, allowing students to earn a specialty in embedded systems. Much of this ... of the issues that embedded system designers must deal with on a daily basis. Knowing something about embedded systems will be a big help when you become a member of the next group and start...

... Windows 9X, Windows NT, Windows 2000, Unix, Solaris, or HP- UX.  The implications of software failure is much more severe in embedded systems than in desktop systems.  Embedded systems often ... constraints.  Embedded systems often must operate under extreme environmental conditions.  Embedded systems have far fewer system resources than desktop systems.  Embedded systems often ... and fan combination are. Embedded systems must operate under extreme environmental conditions Embedded systems are everywhere. Everywhere means everywhere. Embedded systems must run in aircraft,...

... SYSTEMS Converting from Decimal to HexConvert to binary first and then convert to hexConvert directly from decimal to hex by repeated division, keeping track of the remaindersEx. ... AND CODING SYSTEMS Converting from Hex to DecimalConvert from hex to binary and then to decimalConvert directly from hex to decimal by summing the weight of all digitsEx. 6B216= ... TAIWAN11HANELNUMBERING AND CODING SYSTEMS Subtraction of Hex NumbersIf the second digit is greater than the first, borrow 16 from the preceding digitEx. Perform hex subtraction: 59F – 2B859F...

... value 76 Example 18: Octal, hex and binary notation 79 Example 19: Data type modifiers 80 Example 20: Postfix and prefix unary operators 85 Example 21: Sample binary operators 85 Example 22: ... the COP8SAA 49 Example 5: Program in Example 4 compiled for the 68HC705C8 49 Example 6: A typical microcontroller program 55 Example 7: Syntax for the main( ) function 59 Example 8: Using ... Example 27: Division and modulus operators 88 Example 28: Differentiating the division and modulus operators 88 Example 29: Prefix and postfix notation for increment and decrement 89 Example...

... 311 K25Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008Scratchbox featuresMain benefitsChrooted environment:you are still on the host, but you only see the target files.Transparent cross­compiling: the cross­compiler looks like a native one.Transparent execution: either through remote execution on the target. Or through CPU code emulation (qemu).Other featuresShips with cross­compiling toolchainsand software to create Debian packages.Supports both uClibc and glibc.Very basic root filesystems available.26Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008Toolchains ­ useful resourceseLinux.org toolchain page:http://elinux.org/Tool_Chains27Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008Cross­compiling toolchains ­ SummaryBuilding a toolchain by yourselfTough and very long to master.Ready­to­use toolchainsAvailable from several locations for most platforms.Tools to build toolchains: Buildroot and Crosstool.Make it easy to create a toolchain for your exact needs.Build systems:  Scratchbox, OpenEmbedded (see annex section)Help you to create and populate root filesystem.28Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008Practical lab – Using buildrootTime to start Lab 1!Configure buildrootRun it to build your own cross­compiling toolchain29Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008Free Software tools for embedded systems GNU / Linux workstationEmulators3Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008Best viewed with ... 1Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008Free Software tools for embedded systems Free Software tools for embedded systems Thomas Petazzoni / Michael OpdenackerFree Electronshttp://free­electrons.com/Created with OpenOffice.org 2 .x 24Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008Scratchboxhttp://scratchbox.org/ ­ A cross­compiling toolkit projectMakes it easier to cross­compilea complete embedded Linux system.Works by allowing tools to be cross­compiled in a transparent way, making building tools believe they are doing a native compile job.Supported platforms: arm, x8 6Uses the qemu emulator to transparently run built arm binaries.Experimental support for ppc, mips and cris.10Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008Honey, I shrunk the programs!C program ... This document is best viewed with a recent PDF readeror with OpenOffice.org itself!Take advantage of internal or external hyperlinks.So, don’t hesitate to click on them!Find pages quickly thanks to automatic searchUse thumbnails to navigate in the document in a quick wayIf you’re reading a paper or HTML copy, you should get your copy in PDF or OpenOffice.org format on http://free­electrons.com/training/devtools!30Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008qemuhttp://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/Fast processor emulatorusing a portable dynamic translator.Full system emulationEmulates the processor and various peripheralsSupported: x8 6, x8 6_64, ppc, arm, sparc, mips, m68kTo know which machine types are supported:qemu­system­arm ­M ?i386, x8 6_64 system emulation: now close to native speedsthanks to the kqemu kernel module (now GPL v2!).31Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008qemu user emulationUser emulation(Linux host only)User mode emulation : can run applications compiled for another CPU. Supported: x8 6, ppc, arm, sparc, mips, m68kEasy to run BusyBox for arm on i386 GNU / Linux:qemu­arm ­L /usr/local/arm/3.3.2 \/home/bart/arm/busybox­1.4.1/busybox ls­L: target C library binaries path (here cross­compiler toolchain path)32Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008ARM emulatorsOnly Free Software, of course!SkyEye: http://skyeye.sourceforge.netEmulates several ARM platforms (AT91, Xscale...

... standardised notation toexpress object-oriented software analysis and design [CY90, MO92, SS95]. UMLdiagrams are able to model complex software systems including real-time embedded systems. However, ... showtimeTimenext secondFigure 2.2: Context-Level diagramThe Time agent sends a message to our system whenever the time passes. It representsthe source of messages like “next second” or “next hour”. ... 10.08.1998xRecorded at 12:45 05.07.199 8x Empty message Empty message Empty message Empty message Empty message:Display:GraphicContex:MenuView 10:23:45 10 August 1998 08:00:GraphicContexTimeCV:ClockView...

... and fan combination are. Embedded systems must operate under extreme environmental conditions Embedded systems are everywhere. Everywhere means everywhere. Embedded systems must run in aircraft, ... that you know what is different about embedded systems, it’s time to see how you actually tame the beast. In the chapters that follow, you’ll examine the embedded system design process step by ... most likely using an RTOS Like embedded processors, embedded operating systems also come in a wide variety of flavors and colors. My students must also pick an embedded operating system as part...