... called afunction. A special map that applies to all sets A is idA : A > A, called theidentityidentitymapmapof A, and defined byVaEA.graphofamapThegraphr fof a map f : A > B is a ... , an)!ai EAd,which is a set of ordered n-tuples.IfAl = Az = = An = A, then we writeAn instead of A x A x···x A, andAn = {(ai, az, , an) Ia; E Aj.The most familiar example of a Cartesian ... operators) on vector space VCommutator of operators 8 and TAdjoint (hermitian conjugate) of operator TTranspose of matrix A Direct sum of vector spaces1.land VDirac delta function nonvanishing...