hardy l quant-ph 0101012 - quantum theory from five reasonable axioms (2001)(34s)

... for- mula comes from. We also gain insight into the rela- tionship between quantum theory and classical prob- ability theory. 1 Introduction Quantum theory, in its usual formulation, is very ab- stract. ... quantum theory (including classical probability theory) . Axiom 5 can be further motivated by thinking about computers. A classical computer will only em- ploy a finite numbe...

Ngày tải lên: 24/04/2014, 17:11

... is calcu- lated. Based upon the path-integral solution of that problem, parti- cles interacting through an intermediate oscillator are introduced and eventually the oscillators (i.e. the “field ... hence the field) in order to quantize the Wheeler– Feynman action-at-a-distance theory. It turns out, however, that the elimination of all the oscillators was also very valuable in field the- ory hav...

Ngày tải lên: 06/11/2012, 11:21

... overwhelmingly most probable. On this basis of maximizing likelihood, Clerk Maxwell and Ludwig Bolzmann were able to show that one can reliably calculate certain bulk properties of the overall behaviour ... younger co- workers began to study how some small, positively charged projectiles called α-particles behaved when they impinged on a thin gold film. Many α-particles passed through little a...

Ngày tải lên: 12/01/2014, 12:44

... controller From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A proportional-integral-derivative controller (PID controller) is a common feedback loop component in industrial control systems (see also control ... proportionally-controlled characterized control valve controlling the make-up water feed. Opening the valve would increase the rate of water entering the tank, closing the valve would decrease...

Ngày tải lên: 22/01/2014, 08:26

... The large wavelength limit of the Planck’s spectrum formula is the Rayleigh’s formula (recall e x ≈1 + x with small x). This means that at very long wavelengths (very small quanta energies), quantum ... Einstein’s postulates: By analogy to the earlier Planck’s theory of radiation, the postulates of Einstein’s theory is as follows: Light consists of small “packages” of energy called pho...

Ngày tải lên: 24/01/2014, 07:20

... applicable. Ligand L 1 L 2 K I (lM) a K IS (lM) b K I (lM) K IS (lM) L- Phenylalanine (L- Phe) NA NA NA NA N-acetyl tryptophan amide (NATA) 591.6 ± 8.6 384.6 ± 4.6 378.8 ± 5.6 744.8 ± 6.4 N-acetyl tryptophan ... LAAOs. Experimental procedures Materials Russell’s viper (Daboia russelli) venom was collected from D. Mitra, licensed trophy of Calcutta Snake Park, as desic- cated, shining,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 05:20

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Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 14:44

... processes 9-5 . Generalized quantum tests 9-6 . Neumark’s theorem 9-7 . The limits of objectivity 9-8 . Quantum cryptography and teleportation 9-9 . Bibliography Chapter 10: Semiclassical Methods 1 0-1 . The ... 11: Chaos and Irreversibility 1 1-1 . Discrete maps 1 1-2 . Irreversibility in classical physics 1 1-3 . Quantum aspects of classical chaos 1 1-4 . Qua...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 14:45