. (Berwick, 1989:55), target situation/ goal-oriented and learning, process-oriented and product-oriented (Brindley, 1989:63); additionally, there are also target-learning needs presented by Hutchinson. curriculum development process (Potoar 1998) ,, - ,, - ,, - ,, - 2.2.1. What is ESP? The term 'ESP'. learner - language proficiency, language difficulties, use of language in real life - to form ‘objective needs’, whereas cognitive and ‘affective needs’ of the learner in language learning - confidence,...