... on the prey population and vice versa the shadowprices of the predators occur as part of the direct effect in the shadow price of the preyand vice versa. In the case ξRthis term reflects the ... Age-Structured Predator-Prey Model. Applied Mathemathics and Optimization 54, 1-1 5.[10] Gazis, D.C., Montroll, E.W., Ryniker, J.E., 1973. Age-specific, DeterministicModel of Predator-Prey Populations: ... −1, the number of the expectedbirths to a-aged individuals would be greater if the population of that age were smaller.Assuming that the optimal N (optimal in view of the static optimization problem)...