... constants as follows: ,,iiwiw w ewv=∑ (18) subject to the weights being between zero and one, and summing to one: ,, 1and 01iwiw w ww=≤≤∑ (19) In the estimation, the weights are treated ... ),,,,,,,lnln1lnlnijijijijijijiwiwiwiwiwIaaaawwwn=−+−∑∑∑∑∑∑∑∑A ,W: A (20) subject to the constraint equations that column and row sums be equal, and that the W s and A’s fall between zero and ... and then randomly imposing new row and column totals. The SAM is then updated to be consistent with the new totals using both the RAS and the cross-entropy methods. Since we change only row...