... algorithms (GAs) and their applications in Chemical Engineering. After reviewing the Chemical Engineering appli-cations of GAs, Younes et al., explain the main components of GAs and discuss implementation ... Optimization: Techniques and Applications in Chemical Engineering, World Scientific, Singapore.Ravindran, A., Ragsdell, K.M. and Reklaitis, G.V. (2006). Engineering Optimiza-tion: Methods and Applications, ... best and local best algorithms. They evaluate the performance of six PSOalgorithms for solving nonlinear and mixed-integer nonlinear programmingproblems. In Chapter 9, Ingram and Zhang introduce...