... Results and discussion The results and discussion based on the effect of EGR rates on engine performance and emission characteristics of JB5, JB20 and DF, compared to DF without EGR (baseline). ... area of exhaust after-treatment for gasoline and diesel fuelled engines, alternative fuels, performance of diesel engine and retrofitting approach for reducingemissions and enhancing fuel economy. ... durability, and good fuel economy compared to gasoline engines. The applications of diesel engines are in electric power generation, agricultural, construction, industrial fields, and transportation...