formation, microstructures and crystallization of anodic titanium oxide

... formation of the oxide/ hydroxide layer. The hydroxide at the oxide/ hydroxide interface decomposes by losing protons continuously to form titanium oxide. The thicknesses of both the oxide and hydroxide ... respectively. 3.5 Porosity of anodic titanium oxide In the same way as the formation of AAO, in the formation process of ATO we assume all the oxide anions from...

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 16:48

... vibration of the ATO films in deionized water containing a small proportion of Al 2 O 3 particles of average size 300 nm. Parts a and b of Figure 3 show top and side views of SEM images of ATO films ... the variation of length of TiO 2 NT as a function of period of anodization (the corresponding SEM images of each datum showing the lengths of the tubes are given in t...

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 16:48

... membrane protein and detergent. Fig. 1. SDS-PAGE analysis of the crystallization preparation and the crystal of complex II. Lane 1, crystals of complex II. Lane 2, molecular weight markers. Lane 3, crystallization ... preparation of complex II. The four subunits of complex II are labeled on the left, and the positions of molecular weight standards are indicated on lane 2...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 02:20

... dynamic equilibrium of oxidation and chemical dissolution. The dynamic equilibrium of the oxide formation (highly dependent on the acid concentration and avail- ability of oxygen ions) and dissolution ... same voltage. Oxide growth rate and its rate of dissolution partially depended upon concen- tration of sulfuric acid. Higher electrolyte concentration increased oxide...

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 16:48

... diameters of the rings, respectively) and t = 160–200 nm (t is the thickness of the rings or length of the tubes) nanorings due to the absence of the vortex states and the presence of out-plane and ... sample S3 (e and f). B. Lv et al. / Particuology 6 (2008) 334–339 337 and outer and inner diameters of 70–120 nm and 45–80 nm, respectively. Fig. 3(c) and (d) show t...

Ngày tải lên: 20/03/2014, 13:06

... of anodic aluminum oxide membranes with nanopores S.G. Yang a,∗ ,T.Li a ,L.S.Huang a ,T.Tang a , J.R. Zhang a ,B.X.Gu a ,Y.W.Du a , S.Z. Shi b ,Y.N.Lu b a National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, ... sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide solutions. Comparing the SEM images in Figs. 1, 4 and 5, for the AAOMs prepared in oxalic acid solution, the diameter of the AAOMs is...

Ngày tải lên: 20/03/2014, 13:08

... enzyme. Alignment of the amino acid sequences of T. brucei enolase and other eukaryotic and prokaryotic enolases showed that most residues involved in the binding of its ligands are well conserved. ... structure determination. Crystallization and preliminary crystallo- graphic analysis of the bacterially expressed enzyme are reported. Materials and methods Organisms and ce...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 21:20

... absence and presence of ATP, respec- tively, and 0.06 m )1 Æs )1 for rabbit Hb, which illustrates the high reactivity of carp Hb and the decreased rate of reaction with T-state stabilization and ... concentration of HbNO started to decrease slowly, while the concentration of metHb increased, pointing to dissociation of some of the NO bound to ferrous heme and continued...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 06:20

... 30 ℃ and in situ pH of each sample. Table 2 Potentials and contributions of bacterial and fungal denitrifications in tea soils, the sub- merged litter and sediment of an irrigation pond, and the ... Preparation of samples Chloramphenicol and cycloheximide were used as specific growth inhibitors of bacteria and fungi, respec- tively (Anderson and Domsch, 1975; Newell...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 08:40

... Abstract The balance of plant (BOP) of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) system with a 2 kW stack and an electric efficiency of 40% is optimized using commercial GCTool software. The simulation ... any SOFC system, the performance of the INER SOFC system is dependent not only on the design and operating conditions of the fuel cell stack, but also on the design and operating...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:10