current status of micro and nano structured optical fiber sensors

. trends.ConclusionsThe preparation and operando investigation of the two polymorphic forms of the nanosized - In2O3brought novel and interesting results: the high sensitivity to ozone of the rh - In2O3films,. analysis of the interplay of the microscopic parameters allowed to additionally explain the trends of the samples when operated in regions situated outside of the standard model validity. Page 15 of. Barsan,U. Weimar, Understanding the fundamental principles of metal oxide based gas sensors; the example of CO sensing with SnO2 sensors in the presence of humidity. Journal of Physics-Condensed...

Handbook of Micro and Nano Tribology P4

... between predictions of fractal model and experiments of Yamada et al. (1978).FIGURE 4.34 Comparison among predictions of the fractal model, the GW model, and experiments of Bhushan and Dugger (1990) ... roughness of regime 2 and one can again use the relation of Equation 4.3.25 for a single fractal behavior. Note thatin such a case, σ is only related to G1 and D2 of regime 2 and not to D1 and ... effects of fractal dimension on the real area of contact and elastic contact area is interesting indeed and are shown in Figure 4.32 for G* = 10–10 and φ = 0.01. It is observed that as the value of...

Handbook of Micro and Nano Tribology P8

... dense ﬁlms of long-chain molecules.Bhushan et al. (1995b,c) conducted micro- and macroscale friction and wear studies on single-grafted and double-grafted octodecyl (C 18 ) and LB ﬁlms and their ... single-grafted, LB, and Au ﬁlms and is comparable with that of SiO 2 ﬁlm. The C 18 double-grafted ﬁlms can withstand much higher normal force of 40 µN as compared with200 nN for the case of LB ﬁlms. ... TABLE 8.1 Typical rms Roughness and Coefﬁcients of Microscale and Macroscale Friction Values of Various Samples rms Roughness Coefﬁcient of Coefﬁcient of Sample (nm) a microscale friction...

Handbook of Micro and Nano Tribology P14

... Ruan and Bhushan(1994a–c), Koinkar and Bhushan (1996a,b, 1997a,b), and Sundararajan and Bhushan (1998).Koinkar and Bhushan (1996a,b) and Poon and Bhushan (1995a,b) reported that rms roughness and friction ... Majumdar and Bhushan (1991) and Bhushan and Majumdar (1992) have reported relationships forcumulative size distribution of the contact spots, portions of the real area of contact in elastic and plasticdeformation ... distribution of mixed monolayerﬁlms produced by dipping into a solution of hydrocarbon and ﬂuorocarbon molecules. The resultingﬁlm consists of discrete islands of hydrocarbon in a sea of ﬂuorocarbon....

Handbook of Micro and Nano Tribology P16

... diamond tip of radius of 100 nm. TABLE 16.3 Surface Roughness and Coefﬁcients of Micro- and Macroscale Friction of Selected Samples Materialrms Roughness (nm)Coefﬁcient of Microscale ... at a normal load of 70 µN with a depth of indentation about 3 nm and hardness values of 15.8 and 19.5 GPa, respectively (Bhushan and Koinkar,1994). Hardness values of virgin and C + -implanted ... diaphragms and X-ray masks. For a summary of SiC devices and applications, see Harris (1995). Table 16.1 compares selected bulk properties of SiC and Si(100). Because of the large band gap of SiC,...

Handbook of Micro and Nano Tribology P5

... chemical and mechanical properties of the surface and near-surface region of the tip and sample determine the adhesive behavior. A compliant tip–sample system of large curvature radius and large ... understanding of friction, lubrication, and wear?The interpretation of surface forces and adhesion measurements is challenging. Even if you under-stand your instrumental artifacts, and are ... and sample is often referred to as the pull-off force. Unfortunately, measuring the pull-off force doesnot directly give the work of adhesion. The pull-off force is a function of the local curvature...

Tài liệu Handbook of Micro and Nano Tribology P9 pptx

... diameters (Snook and van Megan, 1979, 1980, 1981; vanMegan and Snook, 1979, 1981; Kjellander and Marcelja, 1985a,b; Tarazona and Vincente, 1985; Hend-erson and Lozada-Cassou, 1986; Evans and Parry, ... Berlin.McClelland, G. M. and Cohen, S. R. (1990), Chemistry and Physics of Solid Surfaces VIII, pp. 419–445,Springer, Berlin.McGuiggan, P. and Israelachvili, J. N. (1990), “Adhesion and Short-Range ... monolayers and bilayers (Israelachvili, 1987, 1991; Christenson, 1988a;Israelachvili and McGuiggan, 1988), and metal and metal oxide layers deposited on mica (Coakley and Tabor, 1978; Parker and Christenson,...

Tài liệu Colchero, J. et al. “Friction on an Atomic Scale”Handbook of Micro and Nano Tribology P6 Handbook of Micro/Nanotribology. Ed. Bharat ppt

... this wire was bent and electrochemically etched to serve as a probing tip. With a typical length of 12 mm and diameters of 0.25 and 0.5 mm, they obtained force constants of 150 and 2500 N/m, respectively, ... image and the lateral force in the case of purelyconservative forces. For a detailed understanding of the lateral force and its relation to the normal force and the topography, the exact shape of ... knowledge. A better understanding of friction and wear could save an enormous amount of energy and money, which would be positive foreconomy and ecology. On the other hand, friction is not only...

Tài liệu Handbook of Micro and Nano Tribology P10 pptx

... depends on the elastic and plastic properties of the material.10.3.7 Determination of Hardness and Modulus of Elasticity of Thin Films from the Composite Response of Film and SubstrateAs mentioned ... properties of surface layers of bulk materials and of ultrathin coatings. The nanoindentationapparatus continously monitors the load and the position of the indenter relative to the surface of thespecimen ... theinﬂuence of the substrate and theoretically determined the values of a for various indenter shapes. Thevalue of a was found to depend on the indenter shape and size and ﬁlm thickness and was...

Tài liệu Handbook of Micro and Nano Tribology P1 ppt

. (1992), Meyer (1992), Marti and Amrein (1993), and Guntherodt et al. (1995) and dedicated issues of Journal of Vacuum Science Technology(B9, 1991, pp. 401–1211) and Ultramicroscopy (Vols. 42–44,. and Quate, 1987) or in the spatial frequencydomain (Fourier space) (Cooley and Turkey, 1965).Processed data consists of many tens of thousand of points per plane (or data set). The output of. tunneling, other deﬂection sensors are far away from the cantilever at distances of micronsto tens of millimeters. The optical technique is believed to be a more sensitive, reliable, and easilyimplemented...

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