Plant physiology - Chapter 21 Cytokinins: Regulators of Cell Division doc

... thickened guard cell wall Guard cells Subsidiary cell Epidermal cell Stomatal pore Guard cell (C) (A) (B) pair of differentiated epidermal cells called subsidiary cells, which help the guard cells control ... determinant of cell shape (see Chapter 15), plays an essential role in the open- ing and closing of the stomatal pore. In ordinary cells hav- ing a cylindrical shape, c...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 01:20

... COOHSH NH 2 O-Acetylserine thio-lyase HH Adenine R-OH 3´-Phosphoadenylate Sulfotransferase 3´-Phosphoadenosine-5´-phosphosulfate (PAPS) O-Sulfated metabolite GSH 5´-AMP APS sulfo- transferase ATP sulfurylase APS ... involved in the biosynthesis of Nod factors. Nod factors are lipochitin oligosaccharide sig- nal molecules, all of which have a chitin -1 →4-linked N- acetyl-D-glucosamin...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 20:20

... In addition, these plants do not extend their hypocotyls in response to far-red light given at the end of each photoperiod (called the end -of- day far-red response ). Both of these responses ... chloroplast pro- teins: the small subunit of ribulose-1,6-bisphosphate car- boxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) and the major light-harvest- ing chlorophyll a/b–binding proteins associated with the...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 21:20

... frames of reference of a biological unity. This chapter provides an overview of the basic anatomy of plants, from the organ level down to the ultrastructure of cellular organelles. In subsequent chapters ... primary cell walls are deposited. The cytosol of adjacent cells is continuous through the cell walls because of the presence of membrane-lined channels called plasmo...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 01:20

... [L] (Leu) Isoleucine [I] (Ile) - COO - COO - COO - COO - COO - COO C CH 2 C - COO - COO - COO - COO - COO - COO - COO - COO - COO - COO - COO - COO - COO - COO - COO H 3 N + H 3 N + H 3 N + + + H 3 N + H 3 N + H 3 N + H 3 N + H 3 N + H 3 N + H 3 N + H 3 N + H 3 N + H 3 N + H 3 N + H 3 N + H 3 N + H 3 N + H 3 N...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 01:20

... within the Plant Just as Y w values depend on the growing conditions and the type of plant, so too, the values of Y s can vary consid- erably. Within cells of well-watered garden plants (exam- ples ... volume changes of a cell lacking a wall. Measurements of cell water potential and cell volume (see Figure 3.10) can be used to quantify how cell walls influence the water s...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 01:20

... deter- mined by plant tissue analysis. Proper use of plant tissue analysis requires an under- standing of the relationship between plant growth (or yield) and the mineral concentration of plant ... soil, plants encounter salt stress. Whereas many plants are affected adversely by the presence of rel- atively low levels of salt, other plants can survive high lev- els (salt-tol...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 01:20

... continuum of cell walls is called the extra- cellular space, or apoplast (see Figure 4.3). We can determine the apoplastic volume of a slice of plant tissue by comparing the uptake of 3 H-labeled ... E. (1994) Plant defense response to fungal pathogens. Activation of host- plasma-membrane H + -ATPase by elicitor-induced enzyme dephosphorylation. Plant Physiol. 104: 209 215...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 01:20

... N Fe CH 2 CH 3 Protein Protoheme of b-type cytochromes Heme c of c-type cytochromes FIGURE 7.28 Structure of prosthetic groups of b- and c-type cytochromes. The pro- toheme group (also called protoporphyrin ... other electron to one of the b-type hemes, releasing both of its protons to the lumenal side of the membrane. The b-type heme transfers its electron through the sec- ond...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 01:20

... Sedoheptulose-7-phosphate + 2 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate → 2 ribose-5-phosphate + 2 xylulose-5-phosphate 11a. Ribulose-5-phosphate epimerase 4 Xylulose-5-phosphate → 4 ribulose-5-phosphate 11b. Ribose-5-phosphate ... enzyme trans- ketolase. 4. A two-carbon unit (C-1 and C-2 of fructose-6-phos- phate) is transferred via transketolase to a third mol- ecule of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 20:20