Plant physiology - Chapter 19 Auxin: The Growth Hormone doc

... trans- fers its other electron to one of the b-type hemes, releasing both of its protons to the lumenal side of the membrane. The b-type heme transfers its electron through the sec- ond b-type ... within the membrane. Thy- lakoid membrane proteins have one region pointing toward the stromal side of the membrane and the other ori- ented toward the interior portion of the...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 01:20

... to land plants. On the one hand, the atmosphere is the source of carbon dioxide, which is needed for photosynthesis. Plants therefore need ready access to the atmosphere. On the other hand, the atmosphere ... particularly dry envi- ronments or seasons of the year. These plants, designated the C 4 and CAM plants, utilize variations in the usual pho- tosynthetic pathway for fi...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 01:20

... 16.10D–F). Nevertheless, the mutant plants not only establish an axial pattern, but they have all the cell types and organs of the wild-type plant, and these occur in their correct positions. The precise numbers ... largely determine the size and shape of the primary plant body. The total growth of the plant can be thought of as the sum of the local patterns of cell...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 21:20

... proteins (or “docking proteins”) on the ER (see Figure 1.10A). The signal peptide then mediates the transfer of the elongating polypeptide across the ER mem- brane into the lumen. (In the case of ... to the plasma membrane are called the trans face, and the cisternae closest to the cen- ter of the cell are called the cis face. The medial cisternae are between the...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 01:20

... [L] (Leu) Isoleucine [I] (Ile) - COO - COO - COO - COO - COO - COO C CH 2 C - COO - COO - COO - COO - COO - COO - COO - COO - COO - COO - COO - COO - COO - COO - COO H 3 N + H 3 N + H 3 N + + + H 3 N + H 3 N + H 3 N + H 3 N + H 3 N + H 3 N + H 3 N + H 3 N + H 3 N + H 3 N + H 3 N + H 3 N + H 3 N + H 3 N + H 3 N...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 01:20

... ROLE in the life of the plant. For every gram of organic matter made by the plant, approximately 500 g of water is absorbed by the roots, transported through the plant body and lost to the atmosphere. ... effectively decreases the electrostatic interaction between the charged substances and thereby increases their solubility. Further- more, the polar ends of water molecu...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 01:20

... varying the concentration of this nutri- ent during plant growth is reflected in the growth or yield. The critical concentration for that nutrient is the concentra- tion below which yield or growth ... 4.3). The endodermis divides the root into two regions: the cor- tex toward the outside and the stele toward the inside. The stele contains the vascular elements...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 01:20

... across the membrane. The plasma mem- brane H + -ATPase generates the gradient of electrochemi- cal potentials of H + across the plasma membranes, while the vacuolar H + -ATPase and the H + -pyrophosphatase (H + -PPase) ... In contrast, the H + /K + -ATPase of the animal gastric mucosa pumps one H + out of the cell for every one K + in, so there is no net movement of charge a...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 01:20

... phosphates UTP ADP-glucose CHLOROPLAST CYTOSOL Glucose- 1- phosphate Glucose- 6- phosphate Glucose- 1- phosphate Glucose- 6- phosphate Fructose-6-phosphate Fructose-6-phosphate Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate Starch H 2 O ATP P i P i P i P i P i P i PP i PP i Calvin ... glyceralde- hyde-3-phosphate via transketolase and produces ribose-5-phosphate (from C-3 to...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 20:20

... does photosynthesis occur uni- formly within the leaf tissues, or is there a gradient in pho- tosynthesis across the leaf? The photosynthetic properties of a leaf are determined by the following: • ... chloroplast (the focus of Chapters 7 and 8) to the leaf adds new levels of complexity to photosyn- thesis. At the same time, the structural and functional prop- erties of the l...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 20:20