... clay minerals, the pH of the soil sectionnext to the anode was below 3. Among these foursoils, the Pakchong soil was conspicuous and the pHwas far below 3 in the first through fifth sections. ... at the two ends. The weight of the packed soil was 320 g for the Nakajo soil, 355 g for the Fukuchiyama soil, 350 g for the Harumachi soil, 335 g for the Pakchong soil, 317g for the Goshi soil, ... sections. In the Nakajo, Fukuchiyama, and Harumachi soils, on the other hand, the magnitude of the pH drop de-creased toward the cathode and the pH value of the soil section neighboring the cathode...