Viruses called bacteriophages can infect and set in motion a genetic
Viruses called bacteriophages can infect and set in motion a genetic
... single-stranded RNA.•Are organized as single nucleic acid molecules that are either linear or circular.•May have as few as four genes or as many as several hundred. CAPSID AND ENVELOPE.•Capsid: ... method: Bacteriophages. •Living animals: Animal viruses. •Embryonated eggs: Animal viruses. •Cell cultures: Animal viruses (CPE).•Primary cell lines, Diploid cell lines, and continuous cell lines. ... causing tobacco mosaic plants and gives their leaves a mosaic coloration. •Several mechanisms used to infect host cells with viral DNA.•For example, T-even phages use an elaborate tailpiece...
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Drugs and Poisons in Humans - A Handbook of Practical Analysis (Part 17)
... they are also used as aromatics. Because of their pharmacological e ect, alkyl nitrites are being abused as uncontrolled inhalant drugs and causing a social problem [4]. Although there are many ... specimen). In principle, the sampling, extraction and GC analysis should be made at low temperature, in a gastight state and in a short time. is method is applicable to other biomedical specimens and ... concentration of an alkyl nitrite on the horizontal axis and peak area on the vertical axis. e concentration of the analyte in a specimen is calculated using the calibration curve.Assessment and some...
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Drugs and Poisons in Humans - A Handbook of Practical Analysis (Part 67)
... dichloromethane layers are combined and dehydrated by adding anhydrous Na2SO4. e clear dichloromethane solution is transferred to a glass vial and carefully evaporated to dryness under a stream ... of VX in humans; there are only estimated values based on the experimental GC/MS analysis for DAEMS in serum. (a) a total ion chromatogram (TIC) and a mass chromato-gram; (b) an EI mass spectrum ... secondary exposure for an analyst; the manipulations including the above evaporation should be done inside a dra chamber.f) For quantitative analysis of DAEMS, various concentrations of DAEMS are...
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Drugs and Poisons in Humans - A Handbook of Practical Analysis (Part 20)
... resin of the cannabis plant. Since the main component of cannabis, ∆9-tetrahydrocannabi-nol ( ∆9-THC), has various psychopharmacological e ects including hallucination, the can- nabis and ... of cannabinoids in plant specimens a Reagents and their preparation• Extraction and puri cation of cannabinoids [3]: Cannabis sativa L. is being grown at Hokuriku University, Faculty of Pharmaceutical ... for plant specimens and human specimens. e cannabis contains more than 60 analogous components with a C21 skeleton; they are comprehensively called “cannabinoids”. e main cannabinoids are...
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Drugs and Poisons in Humans - A Handbook of Practical Analysis (Part 21)
... concentrations206 Morphine and its analogues 8) Matsubara K, Fukushima S, Akane A et al. (1992) Increased urinary morphine, codeine and tetrahydropapavero-line in Parkinsonian patient undergoing L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine ... pp 230–234 (in Japanese)196 Morphine and its analoguesMain metabolic pathways of morphine, heroin and codeine. The thick and thin arrows show the main and minor metabolic pathways, respectively.⊡ ... Poppy seed ingestion and opiates urinalysis: a closer look. J Anal Toxicol 14:308–310 10) Hasegawa M, Maseda C, Kagawa M et al. (1992) Morphine and codeine being contained in poppy seeds and poppy...
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Drugs and Poisons in Humans - A Handbook of Practical Analysis (Part 70)
... methemoglobinemia be-comes severe, it causes cyanosis, headache, easy fatigability, respiratory and conciousness dis-turbances and nally death. e fatal methemoglobinemia is rare, but fatal ones a ... GC.vi. Various known amounts of nitrate and a xed amount of IS are added to blank specimens and processed in the same way to construct a calibration curve. e peak area ratio of nitrate to ... dyspnea, tachypnea, tachycardia and hypertension40–50 % mental derangement, listlessness and metabolic acidosisnot lower than 50 % coma, convulsive attack and hypotension70 % death A poisoning...
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Drugs and Poisons in Humans - A Handbook of Practical Analysis (Part 71 and End)
... 332alprazolam 284, 285, 290alternative specimens 9Amanita neoovoidea 480Amanita pantherina 469Amanita phalloides 469Amanita verna 469, 474Amanita virosa 469, 473amanitin 473, 477, 479amido-type ... 443cannabichromene 189cannabidiol 187cannabinoids 187cannabinol 187cannabis 187Cannabis sativa L. 187Capcell Pak C18 MG 293Capcell Pak C18 UG-80 259Capcell Pak SCX 231capillary electrophoresis ... 137aldicarb 566aldrin 529alkylated adducts 85alkylated DNAs 85alkylation 30alkyl nitrites 153, 655allobarbital 305, 308allylesterase 624allyxycarb 566alminoprofen 325, 330, 332alprazolam...
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Drugs and Poisons in Humans - A Handbook of Practical Analysis (Part 22)
... cocaine was reported to be 5.9 on average for urine sampled 0–1 h a er cocaine inhalation; the ratio was 10.6 on average for urine sampled 0–8 h a er the inhalation. e ratios increased according ... his ingestion and death. In addi-tion, the ratios of cocaine to BE in blood and in the brain, and the brain-to-blood ratios of cocaine and BE were compared with those described in literature ... blood, a satisfactory mass spectrum can be obtained. For BE, Metabolic pathways of cocaine.⊡ Figure 4.4Toxic and fatal concentrations218 Cocaine and its metabolitestherefore, the calibration...
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Drugs and Poisons in Humans - A Handbook of Practical Analysis (Part 23)
... the calibration curve, which is composed of pen-221tazocine concentration in the horizontal axis and peak area ratio of pentazocine to IS in the vertical axis. e peak area ratio of a test ... commercially avail-able.ii. Preparation • Pentazocine and dextromethorphan solutions: the drugs are separately dissolved in appro-priate amount of methanol; a 10–20 µL aliquot was added to ... cases of pentazocine abuse especially for medical and co-medical workers. e drug is being regulated as a subclass compound of narcotics (DEA class: IV).Pentazocine in both antemortem and postmortem...
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Drugs and Poisons in Humans - A Handbook of Practical Analysis (Part 24)
... tract is rapid and distinct visual hallucination takes place 45 min–1 h a er oral intake of about 20 µg of LSD [1]. e hallucination becomes most marked 2–3 h a er the intake and lasts for ... 8–12 h. In this chapter, a detection method by TLC and con rmatory analysis by GC/MS for LSD are presented.Reagents and their preparation • LSD can be obtained from each local bureau of drug ... under an o cial transfer process. • p-Dimethylbenzaldehyde reagent: a 0.125-g aliquot of p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Osaka, Japan and other manufacturers)...
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