THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF CENTRAL-BANK INDEPENDENCE pptx

... all focus on legal aspects of central-bank independence, they diverge in their rankings of central banks. The measures place different weights on the various aspects of central-bank independence, as outlined ... linked to the actual rate of inflation. Various theoretical positions have been delineated concerning the impact of central-bank independence on the vari...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 10:20

... regimes the level of redistributive spending should be minimal. The third tenet of the formal voting theory emphasizes the importance of the form of the voting game’. On the contrary, there ... increases. 16 The political economy of taxation The volatility of the income will also a ect the magnitude of the welfare state. If the  uctuation of...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 14:20

... credit away from other segments of the economy like the small and medium-sized enterprisesat the time of the systemic crisis. This, coupled with the fact that significant forbearance of already weak ... the subject of intense debate, with proponents of a sudden shift of views of (foreign) investors as the main cause on one side and proponents of weak fundamenta...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 08:15

... 2004). Another Lofgren & Benner The Political Economy of the ‘New Biology’ – preliminary draft only 5 core theme in the understanding of the role of the state in the knowledge-based economy ... and the Birth of the US Biotechnology Enterprises. American Economic Review 88 (1). Lofgren & Benner The Political Economy of the ‘New Biology’ –...

Ngày tải lên: 13/03/2014, 21:59

... and the Political Economy of the German Welfare State WOLFGANG STREECK and CHRISTINE TRAMPUSCH The central problem of the German economy is the high costs of labour, driven up by the burden of ... change for the time being. Now the strategy is essentially a return to the ‘policy of a calm hand’ (Politik der ruhigen Hand) of the summer of 2001, in the...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 20:20

... The Games Are Not the Same 94 in the VFL competition. However, SOO football waned in popularity for a number of reasons. One of these is that the increasing profes- sionalism of the VFL ... leagues. They also argue that while each of the codes has corporatised its operations, the AFL has so far taken it further than the others. The final chapter looks at the fu...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 02:21

... and thereby reduce both the costs of disinflation and the level of inflation itself. However, the empirical literature on the credibility- enhancing effects of central bank independence offers ... the degree of central bank independence and the level of inflation indeed show a negative correlation between them, but only for the industrialized countries. The meas...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 13:20

... controlling the format of the SOAP message sent to and returned by the server. As you saw earlier, the contents of the SOAP messages sent to and from a Web Service are in XML. However, the encoding of ... made by the client, the connection to the server is closed after the response is received from the server. Therefore, if any state must be maintained between...

Ngày tải lên: 10/12/2013, 16:15

... are considered. They have deep roots in our political systems, and in the nature of climate change itself. They are also symptomatic of a wider malaise. The growth of the global economy has not ... and their political influence. In the UK, the attitudes of floating voters in marginal constituencies are of greatest concern to the parties. The type of individual...

Ngày tải lên: 25/01/2014, 12:20