... will, among others, be of a public choice nature and include the importance of
the particular financial institution to the local economy and its potential systemic impact
on the rest ofthe financial ... credit away from
other segments oftheeconomy like the small and medium-sized enterprisesat the
time ofthe systemic crisis. This, coupled with the fact that significant forbearance of
already weak ... the subject of intense debate, with proponents of
a sudden shift of views of (foreign) investors as the main cause on one side and
proponents of weak fundamentals as the major cause on the other...
... and other state agencies as core participants.
Lofgren & Benner ThePoliticalEconomyofthe
‘New Biology’ – preliminary draft only
5
core theme in the understanding ofthe role ofthe ... Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional Foundations of Comparative
Lofgren & Benner ThePoliticalEconomyofthe
‘New Biology’ – preliminary draft only
6
These then are the state functions ... and the Birth of
the US Biotechnology Enterprises. American Economic Review 88 (1).
Lofgren & Benner ThePoliticalEconomyofthe
‘New Biology’ – preliminary draft only
2
The Political...
... Section ofthe De-
partment of Economics of Princeton University. Although
the Section sponsors the publications, the authors are free
to develop their topics as they wish. The Section welcomes
the ... characteristics of central-
bank charters grouped into four clusters: the appointment, dismissal, and
legal term of office ofthe governor ofthe central bank; the institutional
location ofthe final ... pre-
sence of a government official on the board ofthe central bank, and the
percentage of board appointees made by the government. Central-bank
laws in which the central bank is the final authority...
... regimes the level of redistributive
spending should be minimal. The third tenet ofthe formal voting
theory emphasizes the importance ofthe form ofthe voting game’.
On the contrary, there ... interact with the main macroeco-
nomic variables, such as the level of GDP per worker, the openness
of the economy, the level of debt and the share of agriculture, and
with other socio- economic ... regime the size ofthe public sector should be small,
a substantial part ofthe electorate being excluded from the decision-
making process. So, independent ofthe type of economy, the level of...
... change for the time being. Now the strategy is
essentially a return to the ‘policy of a calm hand’ (Politik der ruhigen Hand) of the
summer of 2001, in the hope of some sort of spin-off from global ... changes in the gross pay of active workers. The main aim ofthe government’s
pension policy was to adjust the revenues ofthe pension insurance funds to the
expenditure required to serve the entitlements ... weakening ofthe tripartite structure
of the Bundesagentur to a rather vague appeal to the ‘elites ofthe nation’ to assist in
creating employment opportunities for the unemployed. The commission’s...
... historical roots
of the tussle over the naming of football codes can be traced back to
the nineteenth century, with much ofthe battle fought in the pages of
the press. Then, as now, the matter was ... written, there is enough evidence to compile a
snapshot of these codes in the early part ofthe twentieth century.
In thecaseof rugby (later rugby union), it is clear that the ante-
cedents ofthe ... considerations
were at the heart ofthe formation of a semi-professional rugby league
in the north of England in 1895.
54
Given the class dimensions ofthe
game in the Australian context (described...
... capture the societal
debates about environment and politicaleconomy rather than just the
academic debates over the theories ofthepoliticaleconomyofthe
environment.
Naturally, given the breadth ... 88
4.5 Theeconomy as a circular flow system 89
4.6 The environmental Kuznets curve 92
4.7 The vicious cycle of poverty and environmental
degradation 96
4.8 Theeconomy as a subsystem ofthe ecosystem ... extension of historical, political, and
socioeconomic processes that started long ago. It is reasonable, however,
to point to the 1960s as the beginning ofthe rapid intensification of
the process of...
... factions ofthe military competing against each other for political
power and the spoils of office. Nevertheless, under a bureaucratic polity, where the
governing elites are embedded in political ... of career development
and training in the civil service: in the ASEAN-Four cases, technocrats become members
of the civilian bureaucracy either as career officers rising up from the ranks of ... 1963). The relationship of technocrats to the specific bureaucracies in which they
work influences the leverage that they have with thepolitical leadership.
16
indigenous elites, and the economy, ...
... individual has ofthe likely behavior of
others. Strategies are designed based on the individual’s perceptions ofthe likely
benefits or costs that they will receive in light of their own and others’ ... perceive to be related to their actions and those of others. The
payments people receive or costs they have to pay, the respect they earn from others,
the acquisition of new skills or knowledge ... now
includes of cials ofthe agencies themselves.
What’s wrong with development aid? Almost every part or process ofthe aid system
has been criticized, from the geopolitical agenda of donors to the distributive...
... capture the societal
debates about environment and politicaleconomy rather than just the
academic debates over the theories ofthepoliticaleconomyofthe
environment.
Naturally, given the breadth ... communication. The World Wide Web had just 50 pages
in 1993; by the end ofthe decade there were 50 million.
6
The number
of Internet users went from 25 million in 1995 to 400 million by the end
of 2000. The ... 88
4.5 Theeconomy as a circular flow system 89
4.6 The environmental Kuznets curve 92
4.7 The vicious cycle of poverty and environmental
degradation 96
4.8 Theeconomy as a subsystem ofthe ecosystem...
... readers to put the development
industry into the context ofthe global politicaleconomyof develop-
ment, or at least that is the book’s aim. In other words, despite all the
recent talk of poverty ... examples to illustrate the inequities of the
trading system, the persistence of unequal exchange, the myths
surrounding the benevolence of aid, phantom aid and the degree of
capital flight and ... canvass but below the canopy
there remain only discrete stalks descending into the soil below.
Metaphorically, these stalks are the nation states, emerging from the
THEPOLITICALECONOMYOF DEVELOPMENT
[5]
Bracking_02_cha01.qxd...
... introduces the reader to the
contours ofthepoliticaleconomyof development and the institutional
regime within which ‘creditor states’
13
compete and co-operate in the
extension of markets. The term ... the Northern states, borrowing
money from them rarely helps the poor, it just deepens the debt cycle and
turns the private sector ofthe developing country into a playground for
the rich ofthe ... debt, and the higher costs of living following the ‘Volcker Shock’
12
adjustment. Then, the negotiated settlement ofthe debt crisis, between
the creditor banks, the creditor governments and the international...
... possibilities
and denials. In other words, in the promotion ofThe Market’ of the
structural adjustment programme (SAP) period, a deepening of the
management of markets by the IFIs took place: markets ... critically obscures how the
divide between the global haves and have-nots is maintained; the
technical slights of hand are the implementing policy machine of the
politicaleconomyof development. It ... 1674 of April 2006, which endorses the 2005 World Summit
statement ofthe same.
2. In some countries, such as Nigeria, these claims ran into billions of
pounds.
MONEY IN THEPOLITICALECONOMY OF...
... present
consumption of finance and working capital. In thecaseofthe poorest,
there has even developed a tendency to highlight the relevance of such
flows by the use ofthe annual ‘net receipts’ ... senior official in the CDC in
1993, referring to thecaseof Kenya, noted that the CDC would take
investment decisions:
by understanding the human nature of these people, how they
are moving and the ... investors’ belief in the
power ofthe creditor states to control risk on their behalf, ominously,
by more crude political means if necessary. The banks endorse the
political management ofthe system itself.
In...