Government size and business cycle volatility; How important are credit constraints? pot

... Economics 114 (4), 1399–1436. 17 Government size and business cycle volatility; How important are credit constraints? Markus Leibrecht, Johann Scharler Working Papers in Economics and Statistics 2012-04 University ... of government size are now more pronounced regardless of the tightness of credit constraints. This result is not unexpected, since tax revenues...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 07:20

... and 43% in both Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean. Informality is a trap for the assets and the growth potential of micro and small businesses and those who work in them. Another important ... food, ICT, and consumer products (in packaging goods and services in small unit sizes, or “sachets”) and in health care (such as cross-subsidies and community-based he...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 21:20

... Life cycle management is about making life cycle thinking and product sustainability operational for businesses that are aiming for continuous improvement. These are businesses that are striving ... product life cycle. LCM is about making life cycle thinking and product sustainability operational for businesses that are aiming for continuous improvement. These are...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 09:20

... or Delaware; the latter two states are dropped because their banking systems are dominated by national credit card banks. Standard errors are in parentheses. b. The Hausman test compares the ... P., B. Rime, and P. E. Strahan, 2003, "Bank Integration and State Business Cycles." Working paper 9704. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research. Peek, J., and...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 10:20

... to interm ed iation are equal across island s. In particular, we sup pose that a fraction of banks on islands where expected returns are low can move to islands where they are high. Before they ... emphasized how that special nature of government liabilities can give rise to a productive role for government financial intermediations. See, example, Sargent and Wallace (1983), Kiyo...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 08:20

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 02:21

... data series, is dampened in business cycle upturns and boosted in business cycle downturns. Hence, the idea behind this specification is that the effect of business cycle fluctuations superimposes ... and w i,t are again assumed to consist of a bank-specific component and white noise, with the same assumptions as for Eq. (3). 2.2 Hypotheses Taking as the null hypothe...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 09:20

... of individual i, in firm f at time t, cycle t is a cyclical indicator such as the aggregate unemployment rate, 11 t and t 2 are a time trend and its square and x ift is a vector of time-varying ... Cushion and the Business Cycle Here we examine the extent to which contractual wages, on the one hand, and firm-specific wage arrangements, in the form of the wage cushion, on the ot...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 22:20

... both contemporaneously and for several leads and lags. (Note that the government consumption wedge is the sum of government consumption and net exports, and that net exports are negatively correlated ... investment wedge 1/[1 + τ xt (s t )], and the government consumption wedge g t (s t ) are simply functions of this random variable. Hence, when the state s t is known, so...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 22:20

... (continued) 2 Objectives • Describe wireless wide area networks (WWANs) and how they are used • Describe the applications that can be used on a digital cellular telephone • Explain how cellular telephony functions • List ... Communications Wireless Wide Area Networks 31 Satellite Transmissions (continued) • Class and Type of Service – Satellites can provide two classes of service...

Ngày tải lên: 13/09/2012, 10:52