Topics in the Economics of Aging docx

... many of these accumulation vehicles, the individual participant bears the responsibility of determining the assets in which the funds are in- vested and bears any uncertainty about the rate of ... depend on the value of the stock portfolio at several selling dates rather than just its value on the date of purchase of the annuity. Several papers investigate the effect of the length of investment ... In the month of retirement, the resulting value of the diversified portfolio determines the pen- sion accumulation associated with the Stock(4) policy. The second investment strategy examined...

... general model of living arrangement choice, including the process of institutionalization, conditional on not being institutionalized at the time of the first interview. In the longitudinal analysis, ... take in their parents.13 The results also suggest that increasing the income of the elderly does not raise their probability of living alone relative to the probability of living with their ... houses. Living arrangements are reported as of the day of the inter- view-therefore, temporary nursing home stays are not recorded unless they happen to be at the time of interview. Rather,...

...

... increase in marginal damages, it must also reduce the optimal number of offensesand increase the optimal values of p andf. On the other hand, an increase in the other component of the cost of ... with the implications of the optimality analysis.An increase in bincreases the marginal revenue from changing the number of offenses by changing p orf and thereby increases the optimalnumber of ... the gain: in this way the number of offenses, 0,couldbe reduced almost at will. However, an in- crease in p increases the social cost of offenses through its effect on the cost of combating offenses,...

... clerks of Assize and their officers. The judges are entertained in a hospitable mannerduring their stay in the city. At the conclusion of the business of the Assizes the mayor and other members of the ... Nottingham, to the effect that whenKing John last visited the town, he called at the house of the mayor, and the residence of the priest of St.Mary's. Finding neither ale in the cellar of ... that nothing herein contained shall authorise the performing of any of the rites of Christian burial, or the interment of the remains of any such person as aforesaid; nor shall anythinghereinbefore...

... polluting substances into the Gulf. The low salinity water of the Gulf is even more diluted by rain and freshwater runoff. Cool and saline water flows into the Gulf from the South China Sea. Rainfall, ... cultivation into intensive farming of the Black tiger shrimp and became the leading shrimp producing nation in the world. Other Southeast Asian countries followed the Taiwanese example and in many ... residue The remains of a chemical compound, in this case in the shrimp body. Closed system The water in the grow-out pond is held in the pond during the whole grow-out period. Only at harvest the...

... the Zodiacs, which adorn the ceilings of the temples in Egypt, nor of the paintings which cover the silent and solemn repositories of their dead. Even the royal sepulchres, surpassing all the ... custom of placing books, i.e. rolls of manuscript, in the mummy coffins with the bodies of the deceased. For much of the knowledge collected respecting Africa, we are indebted to the catacombs of ... Chasm in the Mountain Security of Suse from Marocco, originating in the narrow Defile in the Mountains of Atlas Extensive Plantations of Olives Village of Ait Musie Fruga Plains Marocco Plains...

... sense of humour: the information฀demands in genomics฀are฀staggering. The genome฀contains฀two฀kinds of digital฀information,฀one฀that฀encodes the protein฀and฀RNA฀‘molecular฀machines of life’,฀and the other฀being the regulatory฀networks฀that฀specify฀how฀these฀genes฀are฀expressed in time,฀space฀and฀amplitude.฀DNA฀information฀is฀layered฀and฀arranged in a฀hierarchy,฀starting฀with the gene,฀then฀ the RNA,฀ then฀ the protein,฀ then฀ the protein฀ interactions,฀ then฀ the protein฀complexes,฀then the networks of protein฀complexes฀ in a฀ cell,฀then฀ the tissues฀ and฀organs,฀then the individual฀organism,฀followed฀by฀populations฀and the ecosystems in which฀they฀live. In this฀kind of discovery฀science,฀mastering฀such฀vast฀quantities of information฀to฀answer฀important฀questions฀is฀a฀skill฀and฀an฀art.And the hardware? The first฀automated฀sequencing฀machine฀took฀a฀day, in 1986,฀to฀sequence฀250 of the three฀billion฀base฀pairs.฀It฀took the human฀genome฀project฀ten฀years฀to฀sequence the human฀genome,฀two฀years฀shorter฀than฀predicted;฀and the private฀company฀Celera฀with฀its฀so-called฀shotgun฀approach฀took฀less฀than the public฀consortium’s฀ ... was฀preserved in Arabic฀manuscripts’฀(Lewontin฀1995:฀148).฀There฀is฀no฀question฀that the libraries of Alexandria฀were฀central฀to the city฀and฀ the broad฀region฀including฀what฀today฀is the Middle-East,฀North฀Africa฀and฀much of Central฀and฀Western฀Europe;฀that฀they฀were฀not the only฀ones฀to฀exist฀but฀were฀part฀ of a฀larger฀set of institutions฀to฀emerge฀from the concatenations of cultural,฀scholarly฀and฀other฀areas of learning฀and฀application of what฀were฀then the advanced฀societies฀ of this฀part of the world. The agency of their฀ruin฀is฀not฀so฀certain,฀neither฀is฀it฀clear฀what฀it฀was in volume฀and฀substance฀ ... Or,฀perhaps,฀it฀related฀to฀trading฀with฀neighbours,฀or,฀more฀on฀a฀deeply฀existential฀level,฀observing the astronomical,฀with,฀as฀Georges฀Ifrah฀puts฀it฀so฀beautifully in the Universal฀history of numbers,฀a฀fascination฀with the regularity of the phases of the moon, the eternal฀return of day฀and฀night, the cycle of the seasons’฀or,฀we฀might฀add,฀given the context, the elliptical฀phases of the tides of great฀and฀marvellous฀oceans฀(Ifrah฀2000:฀xvi). In the history of counting, the San฀and฀Khoi฀perhaps฀joined฀other฀human฀beings฀and,฀ in observing฀that฀birds฀have฀two฀wings,฀animals฀four฀legs,฀and฀they฀ten฀fingers฀to฀their฀hands฀and฀ten฀toes฀to฀their฀feet,฀developed฀a฀numbering฀system฀using฀their฀fingers฀or฀toes฀as the base฀ten, the most฀common฀type of counting฀found฀among฀earlier฀peoples.฀Or฀perhaps฀they฀joined the Mayans,฀Aztecs,฀Celts฀and฀Basques฀who฀looked฀down฀at฀their฀feet฀and฀realised฀that฀their฀toes฀could฀be฀counted฀like฀fingers฀and฀chose the much฀more฀unusual฀arithmetic฀base of 20.SCI...

...

...