Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Structural and Topical Dimensions in Multi-Task Patent Translation" ppt

... error rate training In contrast to task pooling and task mixtures, thespeciﬁc setting addressed by multi-task minimumerror rate training is one in which the generativetrain test pooling mixtureA-C ... of tokens and average typefrequencies in text sections.We reserved patent data published between1979 and 2007 for training and documents pub-lished in 2008 for tuning and testing in SMT.For ... over the individual and pooled baselines are achieved by multi-task tuning and averaging over IPC sections, except-ing C and D. However, an advantage of multi-task tuning over averaging is hard...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "EXPERIMENTS AND PROSPECTS OF EXAMPLE-BASED MACHINE TRANSLATION" ppt

... the input and the first example shown in Figure 4 is calculated using the weights in section 4.2.2 Co), attribute distances as explained in section 4.2.2 (a) and expression (1) at the beginning ... distance metric used when retrieving examples is essential and is explained hem in detail. we suppose that the input and examples (I, E) in the d~tAl~ase ~ r~ted in the same data structure, ... the advantages of integrating EBMT with RBMT. 1 INTRODUCTION Machine Translation requires handcmt~ and complicated large-scale knowledge (Nirenburg 1987). Conventional machine translation...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Structural and functional studies of the human phosphoribosyltransferase domain containing protein 1 docx

... HPRT and hypoxanthine. (C) PRTFDC1 and guanine. (D) HPRT and guanine.Table 2. Km and Vmaxvalues for Hx and G in the presence of 1 mM PRPP, determined using the DE-81 ﬁlter paper assay and ... differences in catalytic efﬁciency could beexplained by the difference in amino acid residuesinvolved in catalysis between PRTFDC1 and HPRT. In the structure, residues interacting with PRPP in PRTFDC1 ... to mainchain and side chain atoms of amino acids 145–149(Fig. 1C).A second Ca2+ion is coordinated by the side chainof Asp201, a phosphate ion and ﬁve water molecules.The phosphate involved...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Structural and mechanistic aspects of ﬂavoproteins: electron transfer through the nitric oxide synthase ﬂavoprotein domain pdf

... extents in the FNR–FMN subdo-main interface, including the interface in NOS (Fig. 8).Point mutations that neutralize charge pairing or intro-duce charge-repelling interactions may increase ... The kinetics of interﬂavin electron transfer(FAD and FMN) in dual-ﬂavin enzymes has beenstudied using a T-jump method [79] and by observingrates of ﬂavin semiquinone formation (FADH• and ⁄ ... Ca2+-binding protein calmodulin(CaM) to enable their participation in biologicalsignaling cascades. By contrast, iNOS binds CaMregardless of the Ca2+concentration and can remaincontinuously...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Structural and mechanistic aspects of ﬂavoproteins: probes of hydrogen tunnelling pptx

... years, wehave investigated H-transfer reactions in a number ofenzymes, primarily quinoprotein [4,13,14] and ﬂavo-protein [8,15–20] systems. Using a combination ofexperimental and computational ... bond in synthetic p-p complexes with an accompanying shiftto red wavelengths and increase in absorbance. We haverecently shown that increasing pressure also causes ashortening of the CT bond (increase ... the driving force, DG0, and reorganizationenergy in the standard way:DGz¼ DG0þ kÀÁ2=4k ð2ÞThe driving force dependence of H transfer in theﬂavoprotein glucose oxidase (GO) was investigated...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Structural and mechanistic aspects of ﬂavoproteins: photosynthetic electron transfer from photosystem I to NADP+ doc

... & Medina M (2004) Role of neighboringFMN side chains in the modulation of ﬂavin reductionpotentials and in the energetics of the FMN:apoproteininteraction in Anabaena ﬂavodoxin. Biochemistry ... &Medina M (2008). Flavin role in protein-protein inter-action and electron transfer: from photosystem I toNADPH, a case study. Paper presented at the Flavins and Flavoproteins, Jaca, Spain.129 ... and ferredoxin–NADP+reductase. Interactions that stabilize protein–ﬂavin complexes and tailor the midpoint potentials in these proteins, aswell as many details of the binding and electron...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Structural and functional studies on a mesophilic stationary phase survival protein (Sur E) from Salmonella typhimurium ppt

... dimer; and (b) a b-hairpin, which is involved in intersubunitinteractions, leading to a loose tetrameric organizationof subunits (Fig. 2). The overall structure and theSt SurE N-terminal domain ... 242–245, bringing the polypeptide chainback to the same subunit. We analyzed the interactionsof corresponding residues in SurEs to understand thereasons for domain swapping. A few strong interac-tions ... other interactions of D234 in Aa SurE correspondto the interactions of D230 in St SurE. A different setof interactions appears to promote a rigid structureleading to domain swapping in Tt and...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Structural and functional investigations of Ureaplasma parvum UMP kinase – a potential antibacterial drug target ppt

... main-chain and medium side-chain restraints. Modelbuilding was carried out in o [29] and coot [30]. In chain A, residues 1 and 169–176 are missing; in chain B, residues 167–172 are missing; in ... chain C, residues1, 2 and 169–174are missing; in chain D, residues 168–174are missing; in chain F, residues 1 and 168–175 are missing.All amino acid residues were present in the E chain, and part ... is usually found in nucleotide binding enzymes is not present in UpUMPK[19]. UpUMPK contains instead a glycine-rich motifwithin amino acids 44–54 that is responsible for bind-ing of the phosphate...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Structural and biochemical characterization of a human adenovirus 2/12 penton base chimera pptx

... ﬁber binding or ﬁber release wascoupled to changes in the hypervariable loop.Binding assaysOwing to difﬁculties in expressing and purifying thefull-length ﬁber protein, a 75 amino acid ‘miniﬁber’construct ... basebinding to integrin. The process by which integrinbinding may be coupled to structural changes in thepenton base, allowing ﬁber release, is not clear, butcould involve changes in the ... ﬁber protein binding is independent of the hypervariable loop, with aKdfor ﬁber binding estimated in the 1–2 lm range. Interestingly, competi-tion assays using labeled and unlabeled miniﬁber...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Structural and functional speciﬁcities of PDGF-C and PDGF-D, the novel members of the platelet-derived growth factors family docx

... 720 and 988 ⁄ 989, resulting in two alternative proteins; one short variant encom-passing almost only the CUB domain, and the longervariant containing the CUB domain and the ﬁnal 30residues in ... present in mouse heart, liver and kidney [26]. Interestingly, deletion of exon 6 cau-ses a frame shift and an early stop codon in exon 7,resulting in a protein lacking the growth factor domain and ... remainsunknown [35].The CUB domain is found in several extracellularproteins, many involved in development, and they arethought to mediate protein–protein and protein–carbo-hydrate interactions,...

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