Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Improved Smoothing for N-gram Language Models Based on Ordinary Counts" doc

... estimating N-gram language models. Kneser-Ney smoothing, however, requiresnonstandard N-gram counts for the lower-order models used to smooth the highest-order model. For some applications, thismakes ... the ACL-IJCNLP 2009 Conference Short Papers, pages 349–352,Suntec, Singapore, 4 August 2009.c2009 ACL and AFNLPImproved Smoothing for N-gram Language Models Based on Ordinary CountsRobert ... ob-served N-grams, to provide a non-zero probability for N-grams not observed in the training corpus.The best methods for smoothing N-gram lan-guage models all use a hierarchy of lower-ordermodels...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "An API for Measuring the Relatedness of Words in Wikipedia" docx

... disambiguation using ma-chine readable dictionaries: How to tell a pine cone from anice cream cone. In Proceedings of the 5th Annual Confer-ence on Systems Documentation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,pp. ... applications such as word sensedisambiguation (Kohomban & Lee, 2005; Patward-han et al., 2005), information retrieval (Finkelsteinet al., 2002), information extraction pattern induc-tion (Stevenson ... application of a metric to semantic nets. IEEETransactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 19(1):17–30.Resnik, P. (1995). Using information content to evaluate seman-tic similarity in a taxonomy....

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Selecting the “Right” Number of Senses Based on Clustering Criterion Functions" pdf

... value ofk, based on ﬁnding when the changes in H 2 as kincreases are no longer signiﬁcant.2.1 PK1The P K1 measure is based on (Mojena, 1977),which ﬁnds clustering solutions for all values ... andstandard deviation of the criterion function. Then,a score is computed for each value of k by sub-tracting the mean from the criterion function, anddividing by the standard deviation. We adapt ... a large corpus. It is based on theuse of global criterion functions that assessthe quality of a clustering solution.1 IntroductionThe goal of word sense discrimination is to clusterthe occurrences...

Báo cáo khoa học: "A Framework for Figurative Language Detection Based on Sense Differentiation" pptx

... мед(honey), лекарство (medicine). For every expression, the typical context set con-sists of the ﬁrst 10 articles retrieved by searchingGoogle for the expression. In order to constructthe second ... 67–72,Uppsala, Sweden, 13 July 2010.c2010 Association for Computational LinguisticsA Framework for Figurative Language Detection Based on SenseDifferentiationDaria BogdanovaUniversity of Saint PetersburgSaint ... examineone of such problems, the problem of automaticﬁgurative language use detection. We propose aframework for ﬁgurative language detection based on the idea of sense differentiation. Then,...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Improved Unsupervised POS Induction through Prototype Discovery" ppt

... quantify the contribution ofeach component of the algorithm. We ran the basedistributional algorithm, a variant which uses onlycapitalization information (i.e., has only one non-singleton morphological ... before the former, for clarity of presenta-tion we begin by detailing the base distributionalalgorithm. In the next section we describe the mor-phological representation and its integration ... appropriatecorrection for punctuation, our model remains thebest performing one.8 DiscussionIn this work we presented a novel unsupervised al-gorithm for POS induction from plain text. The...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Improved ecdysone receptor-based inducible gene regulation system doc

... gene expression at 1 lMor higherconcentration of RG-102240, 0.04 lMor higher concentra-tion of RG-102317, 5 lMor higher concentration of PonAand 25 lMor higher concentration of MurA ... newtwo-hybrid format switch functions through heterodimeri-zation and ligand binding followed by conformationalchange in both receptors resulting in transactivation ofgenes placed under the control ... response to inducer with nopleiotropic effects and (g) the length of DNA constructsshould be smaller for convenient packaging into viruses for in-vivo delivery.The current versions of EcR-based...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Molecular basis of glyphosate resistance – different approaches through protein engineering doc

... noninhibitory conforma-tion. Glyphosate sensitivity is partly restored by muta-tion of Ala100 to glycine, allowing glyphosate to bindin its extended, inhibitory conformation.Detoxiﬁcation ... 0.03aOne unit corresponds to the conversion of 1 lmol of glyphosateper minute, at 30 °C.Table 2. Evolution of a GO variant active on glyphosate; comparison of the apparent kinetic parameters for ... carbon–phosphorus bond, resulting in theformation of phosphate and sarcosine (the C-P lyasepathway), e.g. by Pseudomonas sp. PG2982; and (b)oxidative cleavage of the carbon–nitrogen bond on...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Regulation of DNA fragmentation: the role of caspases and phosphorylation doc

... protein modiﬁcation sites and confor-mations. Cellular kinases ⁄ phosphatases affect a widevariety of phosphorylation sites on one protein.Following phosphorylation ⁄ dephosphorylation, succes-sive ... fromphosphorylation-induced apoptoticpathwaysCell signal transduction is regulated by the biochemicalmodiﬁcation of proteins that alters their conformation,stabilization, reaction to substrates ... serine ⁄ threoninephosphorylation and dephosphorylation of variousproteins, leading to altered signal transduction andgene expression. The following section focuses on theeffects of OA on apoptosis.Apoptotic...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: A strategy for discovery of cancer glyco-biomarkers in serum using newly developed technologies for glycoproteomics ppt

... access to information on glyc-ogenes. In the GGDB, the information on each glyco-gene is stored in XML format: gene names (genesymbols), enzyme names, DNA sequences, tissue distri-bution (gene ... tool for a ‘cell proﬁler’, and it is expected to be applicable for selection of cancer-speciﬁc lectins and for qualitycontrol of stem cells before transplantation [12–15].Recently, we have constructed ... sets for measuring 186 genemRNAs, and enabled the determination of expressionproﬁles for the 186 glycogenes in a single assay. Thereference templates enabled construction of calibrationcurves...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Bạch Vân Quốc ngữ thi tập của Nguyễn Bỉnh Khiêm docx

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