Tài liệu Mobilizing domestic resources for development - Chapter I ppt

... facilities, lack of financial literacy and business skills, high transaction costs for financial institutions (which are passed on as high fees), deficiencies in under- standing and managing risk ... compromised by a pro-cyclical bias in the financial system and in the mechanisms of financial regulation. One possible means of removing this bias is for- ward-looking provisioning that is es...

Ngày tải lên: 25/01/2014, 23:20

... are in potentially competitive situations vis-à-vis their transit neigh- bours, which makes compatible harmonization of transit facilities a more elusive and hence difficult undertaking. 15 Trade ... Lanka—makes precisely this point, maintaining that it was not regionalization but “previous unilateral lib- eralization efforts” that “ had a positive impact in boosting both intra- and extraregi...

Ngày tải lên: 25/01/2014, 23:20

... and facilitating medium- and long-term financing. Export credit agencies might also give con- sideration to allowing a special exception to normal credit-risk practices in crisis situations. Formal international ... cur- rency risk. The decline in FDI in Brazil and Argentina in 200 2-2 003, for example, illus- trated this sensitivity of FDI in infrastructure and financial services. These...

Ngày tải lên: 17/10/2013, 15:15

... cooperation is technical coopera- tion. A recent multinational initiative in this regard is the India-Brazil-South Africa (IBSA) Dialogue Forum. The IBSA Dialogue Forum serves as a mechanism for political ... recognized once again the significance of these issues, underlining the importance of “aligning assistance better with medium-term country strategies, streamlining conditionality, buil...

Ngày tải lên: 20/10/2013, 03:15

... countries, an “enhanced” HIPC initiative was introduced in 1999 to provide deeper, broader and quicker debt relief. According to the criterion for eligi- bility in the enhanced HIPC Initiative, ... need for debt rene- gotiation, the HIPC Initiative used similar variables to determine debt sustainability. 7 By mid-April 2005, 27 countries had received debt relief, with 18 countries hav- in...

Ngày tải lên: 20/10/2013, 03:15

... macroeconomic policies. The major implications of this problem were dealt with in chapter III; this chapter considers its implications for the role of the international financial institutions in crisis ... non-bank financial institutions and in a rise in trading activities The consolidation in the financial industry and its globalization have resulted in the formation of a small group o...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 01:15

... hydraulic similarity are important, viz.: 1. Geometric similarity, 2. Kinematic similarity, and 3. Dynamic similarity 1.4.3. Geometric similarity Geometric similarity is said to exist between ... HYDRAULICS FOR ENGINEERS Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 2 (c) Specific gravity Specific gravity is defined as the ratio of the specific weight of a given liquid to the specific weight o...

Ngày tải lên: 20/12/2013, 19:15

... design discharge, a theoretically optimum cross-section will be introduced. 2.3.2. Conditions for maximum discharge The conditions for maximum discharge for the following cross-sections will ... A. This concept has a practical application in estimating the cost for a canal excavation and /or lining. From economic considerations of minimizing the flow cross-sectional area for...

Ngày tải lên: 20/12/2013, 19:15

... 2 2 2 G III III III II II gh gy V h V h 0 2 2        0 h 1 h 1 g q2 hh IIIII 2 2 III 2 G           where 2 III III G III III III II III h V h h 1 2Fr 1 ; with Fr h gh    ... section: III III Wh Q A Q V  = 1.33 m/s Froude number: III III III gh V Fr  = 0.245 Initial depth:        1Fr81 2 h h 2 III III III = 0.325 m So, the jump will be submerg...

Ngày tải lên: 20/12/2013, 19:15

... applied to either Eq.( 4-1 7) or Eq. ) 4- 18), but usually is associated with the former. Eq. ( 4-1 7) is put into finite-difference form by approximating the derivative dE/dx with a forward difference ... result is: eb i1 i i1 i ii EE xx      ( 4-1 9) where e i is the arithmetic mean slope of the energy grade line between section i and section i + 1, with the...

Ngày tải lên: 20/12/2013, 19:15