challenge of mobilizing domestic resources for development
Mobilizing domestic resources for development - Chapter III
... cost-effective vehicle for the dissemination of information.One important source of information for prospective investors comprises theperceptions of within-country domestic and foreign entrepreneurs ... capital, as in the case of the offshoring of software development in India (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, 2004b, pp. 169-170). However, because of its relatively high-skill ... used for hedging purposes, forwards foreign-exchange contracts have increasingly been used for cur-rency speculation. For example, in the early 2000s speculators used forwards as the main toolfor...
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Mobilizing domestic resources for development - Chapter IV
... heading of “innovative sources of financing”.Official development assistanceThe transfer of resources from developed to developing countries has been at the centre of policies to promote development ... target of three quarters of 1 per cent of external flows for ODA. Analysis of the externalfinancial flows required to meet the Second United Nations Development Decade growthOfficial development ... tomobilization of domestic resources for development ODA target of 0.7 percent of developed-country GNIestablished by theUnited Nations in the 1960sbined net flows surpass those of the World...
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Mobilizing domestic resources for development - Chapter V
... growth of gross domestic product (GDP) of 5 per cent by 1970 about half of official foreign-exchange receiptswere committed to repayment of debt to official lenders.1The decline in official flows ... rescheduling andcalls for debtforgivenessIn the 1970s, privatelending becomes theprincipal source of external resources for development burden. This produced an agreement with IMF for Emergency ... impact of debt service on devel-opment expenditures, recognized that the elimination of excessive debt burdens would makeavailable a major source of additional finance for development and therefore...
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Mobilizing domestic resources for development - Chapter VI
... (2005).3Japan’s holdings of foreign exchange reserves, approaching $1 trillion, are much larger than foreignholdings of Japanese yen as foreign-exchange reserves, suggesting that the “net” role of Japaneseyen ... income (GNI),current-account transactions, official reserves and a measure of variability of receipts in for- eign currency (for example, exports of goods and services plus income revenues). ... poten-tial balance -of- payments difficulties; and increasing the coefficient assigned in the quotaformula to the indicator of variability of receipts. The first of the aforementioned factors...
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Tài liệu Mobilizing domestic resources for development - Chapter I ppt
... aprecondition for the development of securities markets Mobilizing domestic resources for development 11Table I.1.Contribution of physical capital, human capital and productivity to thegrowth of output ... gains and not exploitation of workers, of consumers or of any other subset of society. Labour standards are meant and designed to Mobilizing domestic resources for development 15The time required ... of improved economic growth (and the negativeproductivity performance of the 1980s the result of low growth during the debt crisis)rather than a cause of it. Mobilizing domestic resources for...
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Tài liệu Mobilizing domestic resources for development - Chapter II ppt
... the impact on developing countries of heavydependence on exports of one or a few commodities for the bulk of their foreign-exchangeearnings. Two features of commodity price trends are important ... aspect of the adjustment costs—those leading to balance -of- payments difficulties,which are often of a temporary nature. The fiscal implications of World Trade Organizationinduced reforms, besides ... (1999) argued that the indicators of openness used by researchers weregenerally measures of trade performance rather than of trade barriers (and thus of the extent of trade liberalization) or, alternatively,...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Automatic English-Chinese name transliteration for development of multilingual resources" pdf
... context of multilingual natural language processing systems which aim for coverage of both languages using a roman alphabet and lan- guages using other alphabets, the development of lexical resources ... problem of country name transliteration from English into Chinese. The algorithm does not aim to specify general grapheme-phoneme conversion for English, but only for the subset of English ... Instances of 'y' as a vowel are also replaced by the vowel 'i'. For each pair of identical consonants in the input string Reduce the pair to a singular instance of the consonant...
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Báo cáo khoa học: " The Development of Lexical Resources for Information Extraction from Text Combining Word Net and Dewey Decimal Classification" potx
... in WordNet the field labels that are interesting for the domain 227 Proceedings of EACL '99 The Development of Lexical Resources for Information Extraction from Text Combining WordNet ... is one of the main bot- tlenecks in the development of new ap- plications in the field of Information Ex- traction from text. Generic resources (e.g., lexical databases) are promising for reducing ... profitably ap- plied. It also provides a criterion for building lex- ical resources for specific domains. It can be ap- plied in a semiautomatic way. It has the advan- tage of using the information...
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Overview of the Capital Markets in Vietnamand Directions for Development
... step for economic development in general and for capital market development in particular in Vietnam. Of 30 joint stock companies listed on the HOSTC as of October 21, 2005, 29 were former ... simple rules for information sharing. Recommendations for the Five-year Plan 52 8.1 Private-sector initiatives for market development 52 8.2 Policy impacts of capital market development 52 ... Directions for Development May 2006 25foreign banks often fund the local companies at a competitive rate in the local currency with a letter of guarantee, a letter of awareness,...
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Tài liệu Assessing Financing, Education, Management and Policy Context for Strategic Planning of Human Resources for Health pdf
... 13Level of human resources for health 13Distribution of human resources for health 14Performance of human resources for health 16Cross-cutting problems concerning human resources for health 17PART ... Planning of Human Resources for HealthASSESSING FINANCING, EDUCATION, MANAGEMENT AND POLICY CONTEXT FOR STRATEGIC PLANNING OF HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTHThe importance of the health workforce for ... Programme of the Harvard School of Public Health, this tool is part of WHO’s efforts to fulfi ll that mandate in recognition of the need for an updated assessment tool for health workforce development. The...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Development of a new method for isolation and long-term culture of organ-specific blood vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells of the mouse pdf
... MedicalScience, University of Tokyo, Japan) for providingpCAG-Cre; Dr Ikuo Yana (Institute of MedicalScience, University of Tokyo, Japan) for help in per-forming endothelial tube formation experiments. ... problem. Therefore, the isolation andmaintenance of murine endothelial cells from variousdevelopmental stages and locations is important for dissecting molecular and cellular mechanisms of endo-thelial ... IchiseLaboratory of Gene Expression and Regulation, Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, JapanAs an indispensable component of the vascular system,endothelial...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Collecting a Why-question corpus for development and evaluation of an automatic QA-system" pdf
... Proceedings of ACL-08: HLT, pages 443–451,Columbus, Ohio, USA, June 2008.c2008 Association for Computational LinguisticsCollecting a Why-question corpus for development and evaluation of anautomatic ... in topic, degree of formality and theamount of details; from ”Horror film” and ”Christ-mas worldwide” to ”G-Man (Half-Life)” and ”His-tory of London”. Articles consisting of bulleted listswere ... slow a rate of data acquisition. Therefore it is of- ten necessary to raise the reward and rely on efficientautomatic validation of the data.We have looked into the answer agreement of the workers...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Infrastructure for standardization of Asian language resources" pdf
... </number></MorphoFeat> </hasMorphoFeat> </InflectedForm> </hasInflectedForm> <hasInflectedForm> <InflectedForm rdf:ID="star"> <hasMorphoFeat><MorphoFeat ... </number></MorphoFeat> </hasMorphoFeat> </InflectedForm> </hasInflectedForm></LemmatiedForm>Figure 2: Formalization of the morphological layer and excerpt of a sample ... features.Change of parts -of- speech by affixes Af-fixes change parts -of- speech of words inThai (Charoenporn et al., 1997). There arethree prefixes changing the part -of- speech of theoriginal word,...
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Báo cáo " Development of climate change scenarios for small areas in Vietnam by using the MAGICC/SCENGEN software in combination with statistic correction" docx
... Report [1]. MAGICC (stands for Model for Assessment of Greenhouse-gas Induced Climate Change), a combination of models of coupled gas-cycle, H.D. Cuong / VNU Journal of Science, Earth Sciences ... VNU Journal of Science, Earth Sciences 26 (2010) 179-184 179 Development of climate change scenarios for small areas in Vietnam by using the MAGICC/SCENGEN software in combination ... However, most of the regression equations for the rainfall are not reliable enough and as the result, the scenarios for rainfall generated by the products of MAGICC/SCENGEN 5.3 software need...
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African Regional Implementation Review for the 14th Session of the Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD-14) pot
... Protocol, and (f) the need for cooperative programmes for systematic observation of air pollution, assessment and exchange of information. The Air Pollution Information Network for Africa (APINA) identifies ... political impacts of closing down outdated refineries, lack of information and understanding of gasoline engine performance, weak national energy policies, lack of local lead-exposure data for policymaking ... of 1724 Tg of CO2 was emitted annually in 1999 from all major sources on the African continent. Emissions of other trace gas species included 414 Tg/yr of CO, 67 Tg/yr of CH4, 455 Tg/yr of...
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