challenge of mobilizing domestic resources for development

... cost- effective vehicle for the dissemination of information. One important source of information for prospective investors comprises the perceptions of within-country domestic and foreign entrepreneurs ... capital, as in the case of the offshoring of software development in India (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, 2004b, pp. 169-170). However, because of its relatively high-skill ... used for hedging purposes, forwards foreign-exchange contracts have increasingly been used for cur- rency speculation. For example, in the early 2000s speculators used forwards as the main tool for...

Ngày tải lên: 17/10/2013, 15:15

... heading of “innovative sources of financing”. Official development assistance The transfer of resources from developed to developing countries has been at the centre of policies to promote development ... target of three quarters of 1 per cent of external flows for ODA. Analysis of the external financial flows required to meet the Second United Nations Development Decade growth Official development ... to mobilization of domestic resources for development ODA target of 0.7 per cent of developed- country GNI established by the United Nations in the 1960s bined net flows surpass those of the World...

Ngày tải lên: 20/10/2013, 03:15

... growth of gross domestic product (GDP) of 5 per cent by 1970 about half of official foreign-exchange receipts were committed to repayment of debt to official lenders. 1 The decline in official flows ... rescheduling and calls for debt forgiveness In the 1970s, private lending becomes the principal source of external resources for development burden. This produced an agreement with IMF for Emergency ... impact of debt service on devel- opment expenditures, recognized that the elimination of excessive debt burdens would make available a major source of additional finance for development and therefore...

Ngày tải lên: 20/10/2013, 03:15

... (2005). 3 Japan’s holdings of foreign exchange reserves, approaching $1 trillion, are much larger than foreign holdings of Japanese yen as foreign-exchange reserves, suggesting that the “net” role of Japanese yen ... income (GNI), current-account transactions, official reserves and a measure of variability of receipts in for- eign currency (for example, exports of goods and services plus income revenues). ... poten- tial balance -of- payments difficulties; and increasing the coefficient assigned in the quota formula to the indicator of variability of receipts. The first of the aforementioned factors...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 01:15

... a precondition for the development of securities markets Mobilizing domestic resources for development 11 Table I.1. Contribution of physical capital, human capital and productivity to the growth of output ... gains and not exploitation of workers, of consumers or of any other subset of society. Labour standards are meant and designed to Mobilizing domestic resources for development 15 The time required ... of improved economic growth (and the negative productivity performance of the 1980s the result of low growth during the debt crisis) rather than a cause of it. Mobilizing domestic resources for...

Ngày tải lên: 25/01/2014, 23:20

... the impact on developing countries of heavy dependence on exports of one or a few commodities for the bulk of their foreign-exchange earnings. Two features of commodity price trends are important ... aspect of the adjustment costs—those leading to balance -of- payments difficulties, which are often of a temporary nature. The fiscal implications of World Trade Organization induced reforms, besides ... (1999) argued that the indicators of openness used by researchers were generally measures of trade performance rather than of trade barriers (and thus of the extent of trade liberalization) or, alternatively,...

Ngày tải lên: 25/01/2014, 23:20

Ngày tải lên: 13/03/2014, 19:19

... context of multilingual natural language processing systems which aim for coverage of both languages using a roman alphabet and lan- guages using other alphabets, the development of lexical resources ... problem of country name transliteration from English into Chinese. The algorithm does not aim to specify general grapheme-phoneme conversion for English, but only for the subset of English ... Instances of 'y' as a vowel are also replaced by the vowel 'i'. For each pair of identical consonants in the input string Reduce the pair to a singular instance of the consonant...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 06:20

... in WordNet the field labels that are interesting for the domain 227 Proceedings of EACL '99 The Development of Lexical Resources for Information Extraction from Text Combining WordNet ... is one of the main bot- tlenecks in the development of new ap- plications in the field of Information Ex- traction from text. Generic resources (e.g., lexical databases) are promising for reducing ... profitably ap- plied. It also provides a criterion for building lex- ical resources for specific domains. It can be ap- plied in a semiautomatic way. It has the advan- tage of using the information...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 21:20

Ngày tải lên: 22/07/2014, 18:29

... step for economic development in general and for capital market development in particular in Vietnam. Of 30 joint stock companies listed on the HOSTC as of October 21, 2005, 29 were former ... simple rules for information sharing. Recommendations for the Five-year Plan 52 8.1 Private-sector initiatives for market development 52 8.2 Policy impacts of capital market development 52 ... Directions for Development May 2006 25 foreign banks often fund the local companies at a competitive rate in the local currency with a letter of guarantee, a letter of awareness,...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 12:59

... 13 Level of human resources for health 13 Distribution of human resources for health 14 Performance of human resources for health 16 Cross-cutting problems concerning human resources for health 17 PART ... Planning of Human Resources for Health ASSESSING FINANCING, EDUCATION, MANAGEMENT AND POLICY CONTEXT FOR STRATEGIC PLANNING OF HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH The importance of the health workforce for ... Programme of the Harvard School of Public Health, this tool is part of WHO’s efforts to fulfi ll that mandate in recognition of the need for an updated assessment tool for health workforce development. The...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 09:20

... Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan) for providing pCAG-Cre; Dr Ikuo Yana (Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan) for help in per- forming endothelial tube formation experiments. ... problem. Therefore, the isolation and maintenance of murine endothelial cells from various developmental stages and locations is important for dissecting molecular and cellular mechanisms of endo- thelial ... Ichise Laboratory of Gene Expression and Regulation, Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan As an indispensable component of the vascular system, endothelial...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 17:20

... Proceedings of ACL-08: HLT, pages 443–451, Columbus, Ohio, USA, June 2008. c 2008 Association for Computational Linguistics Collecting a Why-question corpus for development and evaluation of an automatic ... in topic, degree of formality and the amount of details; from ”Horror film” and ”Christ- mas worldwide” to ”G-Man (Half-Life)” and ”His- tory of London”. Articles consisting of bulleted lists were ... slow a rate of data acquisition. Therefore it is of- ten necessary to raise the reward and rely on efficient automatic validation of the data. We have looked into the answer agreement of the workers...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 09:20

... </number> </MorphoFeat> </hasMorphoFeat> </InflectedForm> </hasInflectedForm> <hasInflectedForm> <InflectedForm rdf:ID="star"> <hasMorphoFeat> <MorphoFeat ... </number> </MorphoFeat> </hasMorphoFeat> </InflectedForm> </hasInflectedForm> </LemmatiedForm> Figure 2: Formalization of the morphological layer and excerpt of a sample ... features. Change of parts -of- speech by affixes Af- fixes change parts -of- speech of words in Thai (Charoenporn et al., 1997). There are three prefixes changing the part -of- speech of the original word,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... Report [1]. MAGICC (stands for Model for Assessment of Greenhouse-gas Induced Climate Change), a combination of models of coupled gas-cycle, H.D. Cuong / VNU Journal of Science, Earth Sciences ... VNU Journal of Science, Earth Sciences 26 (2010) 179-184 179 Development of climate change scenarios for small areas in Vietnam by using the MAGICC/SCENGEN software in combination ... However, most of the regression equations for the rainfall are not reliable enough and as the result, the scenarios for rainfall generated by the products of MAGICC/SCENGEN 5.3 software need...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 16:20

... Protocol, and (f) the need for cooperative programmes for systematic observation of air pollution, assessment and exchange of information. The Air Pollution Information Network for Africa (APINA) identifies ... political impacts of closing down outdated refineries, lack of information and understanding of gasoline engine performance, weak national energy policies, lack of local lead-exposure data for policymaking ... of 1724 Tg of CO 2 was emitted annually in 1999 from all major sources on the African continent. Emissions of other trace gas species included 414 Tg/yr of CO, 67 Tg/yr of CH4, 455 Tg/yr of...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 19:20

Ngày tải lên: 13/03/2014, 19:19

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 13:20

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 04:20