Canxi (Ca''*')
Ion Canxi chid'm uu the trong cac ion duong ciia nude mua. Ndng do cua chiing thay doi cd the lidn quan dd'n ndng do ciia ion Hydrocacbonat va Sunphat,
Nguon gdc cua Canxi trong nude mua la bui tii nham thach da voi va nham thach Sunfat. Tuy nhidn nhung hat bui d tang cao ciia khf quyen (vu tru) hoae tii nhirng hien tugng thidn nhidn bat thudng, vf du nhu niii lua thuc sir ft lidn quan dd'n ndng do Canxi trong nude mua. Nhu vay qua trinh phan tfch da
mang nhirng hat bui chiia Canxi til be mat trai dat va cac nha may san xuat cd
su dung quang cd chiia Canxi la nhung nguydn nhan chu yd'u anh hudng dd'n nong do Canxi trong nude mua.
Magie (Mg^^)
Cac nha nghidn ciiu cho r^ng Magie trong nude mua cd ngudn gdc chu
yd'u tix bien, nhiing ngudn khac nhu khai thac quang hoae tu cac co sd san xuat
Cacbonat chi lam gia tang dang ke n6ng do d viing xung quanh cac ngudn nay. Ion Magie thudng lien kd't vdi ion Clo, Sunphat va Hydrocacbonat.
Natri (Na^)
Cac ion Natri cd lidn kd't nhieu hon vdi ion Q o , Hydrocacbonat va ft hon vdi Sunphat. Natri trong nude mua phan ldn cd ngudn gdc tir bien, tii san xuat cong nghidp va tir bui tren mat dat do gid eudn ldn.
Lu^n van ZTi^a^ sy
OAI HOC QUOC GIA - VIEN CO HOC ^ n
TRUNG TAM HOP TAC DAO TAO VA B(5l DUONG CO HOC ^^
Kali (K^)
Trong sd cac ion duong, Kali ft phd bid'n hon. Gidng nhu ion Natri, ion Kali cung lidn kd't vdi Clo va Hydrocacbonat. Ngudn gdc cua chiing chu yd'u tii san xuat cdng nghiep va nong nghidp.
Luu fiuynft vd Sunfat (SO/')
Trong khdng khf, cac chat hat (son khf) deu cau tao tir hat sunphat amoni hoae axit sunfuric dang gigt. Gia tang cac hat son khf sunfat se lam anh hudng dd'n can can biic xa ciia he thdng Trai dat - Khf quyen, de'n tfnh chat quang hgc va kha nang tao mua cua khdng khf.
Ngoai khf SO2, trong khdng khf con co cac dang hgp chat khac chiia luu huynh nhu: H^S (hydrosunfua), DMS (dimethylsunfua), CS2 (disunfua cacbon), DMDS (dimethyldisunfua), v.v.
Sau cac chuyen hda hda hgc, phan ldn cac oxyt luu huynh nay bi oxy hda thanh ion sunfat va ton tai d 2 dang: kho (trong bui) va udt (trong nude mua).
Nita, Nitrat (NO/) vd Amoni (NH/)
Trong qua trinh phan huy cac hgp chat chiia Nito trong dat, vi sinh vat da chuyen hoa Nito dudi dang hgp chat thanh N^O, khf nay phat tan vao khdng khf da bi oxi hoa chuyen hoa thanh NOo. Day la qua trinh chfnh sinh ra NO^ cd ngudn gdc thidn nhien va chiing dugc chuyd'n hda thanh nitrat. Phan ldn ion N03' deu dugc loai bd khdi khdng khi do ling udt. Cac cac hoat dgng dot chay nhidn lieu hda thach cung sinh ra mot lugng NOx dang ke do khdng khf chiia mot ndng do kha cao Nito. Ben canh dd, eac hoat dgng san xuat phan dam va qua trinh su dung phan dam trong canh tac ndng nghiep cung gdp ph^n gia tang phat thai cac hgp chat Nito tdi khdng khf.
l-u^n vdn ZTi^ac sy
DAI HOC QUOC GIA - VIEN CO HOC o ^
TRUNG TAM HOP TAC DAO TAO VA B(5l DUONG CO HOC ^ ^
Trudc kia khi ndi de'n d nhidm khdng khf ngudi ta thudng de cap den cac cha't nhu SO. hoae NO, ma bd qua chat khf amoniac (NH3). Cac nghidn ciiu ve hoa nude mua da chi ra r4ng chat khf NH3 nay cd tam quan trgng dac biet trong mgi van de lien quan dd'n thanh phan hoa nude mua. Ling qua tai cac ion NH4'' cd the g^y axit hoa d^'t va day la kd't qua cua qua trinh d xi hoa NH4'' thanh NO3" do vi sinh vat. Amoni thiic day nhanh qua trinh oxy hoa SO. trong may va nude mua. Cac hoat dgng san xu^'t phan bdn chiia Nito va chat thai tijr chan nuoi la nhung nguon chu yd'u sinh ra NH3
Ngudn tu nhidn ciia axit nitric trong khdng khf dugc coi la khdng dang ke, bdi vay phan ldn nguon nitrat cua khdng khf dugc tao ra tir NO,. Cac dang hgp chat Nito trong khdng khf (trong dd bao gom nude mua) dugc trinh bay d bang 1.6.
Clo (cn
Su tham gia ciia ion Clo trong thanh phan hoa hgc nude mua da dugc cac nha nghidn ciiu khAng dinh chiing cd ngudn gdc tir bien, tir hoat dgng ciia niii lua va sau nay la su tham gia cua thai khf cdng nghidp. Mot phan nhd ion Clo nua cd ngudn gdc tu bui mat dat do gid mang dd'n song nd phu thudc rat ldn vao dac didm dia chat noi bui phat sinh.
Hydrocacbonat (HCO/)
Nguon gdc ciia ion nay chu yd'u la do dia hinh cd niii da vdi va cac loai da khac cd chiia cacbonat. Bui Cacbonat tii nhiing dia hinh nay dugc gid eudn va tach ra khdi mat dat tham gia vao qua trinh tao may (hat nhan ngung kd't). Su bid'n doi nong do ion HCO3 phu thudc vao ion Natri va Canxi.
Z . M 4 « v/a« ZTi^^ sy
OAI HQC QUOC GIA - V I $ N CO HOC n i
TRUNG TAM HOP TAC DAO TAO VA B(5l DUONG CO HOC