- Nuong: bd tri trdng hai vu ngd xen lan cac dai bang dau, lac hoac cd theo dudng ddng muc nham giam thidu xdi mdn d4t Cac dai bang nay rdng
2. Cd sd khoa hoc va thuc tien cua viec xac lap mo hinh he kinh te sinh tha
viec xac lap mo hinh he kinh te sinh thai va bo t r i sur d u n g dat cho cac ho TDC
Trong qua trinh thuc hien cdng tac di dan tai dinh cUcua nhieu d u a n thuy dien d nude ta, nhat la dd'i vdi TDC thuy dien Hoa Binh, mac du da sap xep dUdc dia ban va quy dat bo trf TOC nhung viec phat trien san xuat va ddi sd'ng cua ngudi dan d mdt so khu vuc cdn rat khd khan. Ngay nhu dd'i vdi mdt so du an dUdc coi la cd nhiing thanh cdng ldn trong cdng tac di dan va TDC nhu thuy dien Yaly, cdng tac td chiTc san xuat va ddi song cua ngudi dan tai mdt so khu vuc TDC cdn nhieu van de can giai quyet. Ket qua dieu tra 135 hd dan tai khu viic TDC thuoc huyen Sa Thay, tinh Kon Tum cho thay su chuyen ddi cd cau cay trong cua cac ndng hd cdn cham, dong bao dan tdc (chu yeu la dan tpc Gia Rai) chua nhan dUdc muc ho trd can thiet de phat tnen mpt so cay cd gia th cao nhUca phe. Miic sd'ng cua ngudi dan chua
di/pc cai thien: chl cd 45 ho tang kha hdn, trong khi doi song cua 69 hp lai kem hdn so vdi ndi d cu [3].
Hien nay, cdng tac TDC cua Thuy dien Sdn La da dupe thuc hien tai khu TDC m l u Tan Lap, huyen Mpc Chau va dang then khai tai mpt so dia diem khac. Md hinh mdi ho gia dinh tai khu TDC Tan Lap dupe giao 3000 - 5000 m^ dat trong co de chan nudi bo sCfa kem theo 2 con bd sCfa. mdt dien tfch dat che de cham sde da khdng dat hieu qua ma nguyen nhan chu yeu la viec xay dung mo hinh va bo trf sif dung dat chua phu hpp v6i tap quan va kha nang, trinh dp san xuat cua cac ndng hd. Rut kinh nghiem tU md hinh nay. trong quy hoach chi tiet cac diem TOC thuy dien Sdn La do cac ddn vi tu van thuc hien trong thdi gian gan day da chu trong den "trong cay gi, nudi con gi" de dn dinh san xuat va ddi sd'ng cho ngUdi dan. Tuy nhien, cdng tac quy hoach san xuat va quy hoach su* dung dat chu yeu mdi diia tren tinh toan ve hieu qua kinh te ma chua xem xet day du cac khfa canh xa hdi va mdi trudng trong thiic te.
Nhu vay, van de dat ra la trong dieu kien quy dat danh cho TDC han hep vdi miic binh quan dat san xuat ndng nghiep cho mot hp tu 1.0 - 1,5 ha [6] va phan Idn la dat doi nui phai td chiic kinh te ndng hd va su* dung dat nhU the nao de dam bao dn dinh doi sd'ng cho ngudi dan dong thdi giam thieu xdi mdn dat, bao ve mdi trudng. Van de nay cd the dUdc giai quye't tren cd sd xac lap cac md hinh he kinh te sinh thai ndng hd hop ly.
Md hinh he kinh te sinh thai la mdt he kinh te sinh thai cu the cd hai chiic nang cd ban: chiic nang kinh te va chiic nang sinh thai. Chiic nang kinh te tao dau ra la ldi nhuan, trong khi dd chifc nang sinh thai cJam bao tao dau ra cua he la tfnh ben vUng sinh thai - mdi trudng (cai thien chat lUdng moi trudng hay ben vung dd'i vdi tai bien
thien nhien) [2]. Hai chiic nang nay cd mdi lien he va hd trd cho nhau. Chiic nang sinh thai tao tien de cho viec phat huy chiic nang kinh te. Chiic n^ng kinh te gdp phan lam tang hieu qua cua chiic nSng sinh thai. Xac lap md hinh he kinh te sinh thai hdp ly chfnh la xac dinh trong cay gi, nudi con gi, san xuat cai gi phu hdp vdi dieu kien sinh thai lanh thd, phu hdp vdi tam van hoa (trinh dp va kha nang tiep thu kie'n thiic san xuat) cua ngudi dan, cho hieu qua kinh te cao va g i n vdi bao ve mdi trudng. De xac lap dupe cac md hinh he kinh te sinh thai hdp ly phuc vu TDC thuy dien phai tien hanh dieu tra, danh gia mdt each chi tiet cac dieu kien tu nhien,
kinh te nhan van, hien trang sir dung dat a
vung di va vung den cua ngudi dan TDC. Tren cd sd hien trang san xuat va tap quan sir dung dat cua dan c u khu viic Idng ho thuy dien Sdn La phai di ddi cd the xac dinh cac md hinh he kinh te sinh thai chu yeu da sif dung cua cac ndng hd khu vUc Idng ho nhu sau:
1. Rudng - nUdng - vudn - ao - chuong 2. Rudng - nUdng - vudn - chuong