một cách chính xác lời nĩi ban đầu. Lời nĩi trực tiếp được đặt trong dấu ngoặc kép.
EX: He asked, “ Where do you come from? ” He asked, “ Where do you come from? ” “ Where do you come from? ”, he asked.
II. Lời nĩi gián tiếp câu tường thuật Thay vì lặp lại chính xác lời nĩi, chúng ta cĩ thể diễn tả lời hoặc ý nghĩ của người nĩi bằng lời lẽ riêng của chúng ta bằng cách sử dụng liên từ, thay đổi từ hoặc thì của động ý nghĩ của người nĩi bằng lời lẽ riêng của chúng ta bằng cách sử dụng liên từ, thay đổi từ hoặc thì của động từ ... Loại cấu trúc này được gọi là lời nĩi gián tiếp
EX: He asked me where I came from.
Signature:
* Những động từ tường thuật thường gặp: advise, answer, ask, complain, continue, cry, decide, demand, feel, forbid, hear, imagine, inform, invite, order, think, warn, wonder...
III. Một số biến đổi cơ bản khi đổi sang lời nĩi gián tiếp:
1. Modal verb changes:
Direct speech Reported speech
Can Could
Will Would
May Might
2. Time changes:
Direct speech Reported speech
Now / at present Then / immediately
( Two days ) ago ( Two days ) before
Today That day
Tonight That night
Tomorrow The next day / The following day
Yesterday The day before / The previous day
Last ( night ) The ( night ) before
Next The following
3. Pronoun changes:
Direct speech Reported speech
I He / she
We They
You I / Me
Me Him / her
My His / her
Mine His / Hers
Ours Theirs
Our Their
Us Them
Myself Himself / herself
4. Place changes:
Direct speech Reported speech
Here There
This That
These Those
5. Tense changes:
Direct speech Reported speech
Simple past Past perfect
Present perfet Past perfect
Present cont. Past cont.
FIV. Complete the following sentences by changing direct speech to indirect speech:
1. “ I am living in London now.” → Alice says
→ Alice said to me that 2. “ My father isn’t very well” → Tom tells me that
→ Tom told me that
3. “My friend Alice has had a baby.” → She tells me
→ She told me 4.“ Where is Alice?” → Bob wants to know → Bob wanted to know
5. “Have you finished the above sentences? ” → His friend asks him
→ His friend asked him
6. “ I saw Tom’s sister at Helen’s party last weekend,” → She tells me that
→ She told me that
7. “Why is the sky blue?” my three-year -old son often asks. → My three-year -old son often asks me
→ My three-year -old son asked me 8. “ Tim’s class is going on a trip now”, → Lan says that
→ Lan said that
9. “ When will the final decision be made?” → The worker wants to know
→ The worker wanted to know
10. “The sun ries in the East and sets in the West” → My teacher teaches me
→ My teacher taught me
WEEK 14 + 15 Sunday, November 23rd 2008
Period 14 + 15 PASSIVE VOICE
I.Aims:
- Review the previous grammar : passive voice
- Help ps change the given active sentences into the pasive ones. II. Preparation:
- T: Teaching plan, colour chalks, hand-outs. . . - Ps:Pens, pencils, notebooks. . .
III.Teaching steps:
- S2: Old lesson : Tenses: simple present & present perfect - S3: New lesson :
CONTENT ACTIVITIES