Cáchbiếnđổicâulàcáchtaviếtlạicâutheomộtcấutrúcmới(thườngđượcch otrước)mà
khôngthayđổinghĩacủacâubanđầu. * Ví dụ 1 : Hãyviếtlạicâusauđây:
-Hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterdaybecausehewasill.
Becauseof……
Theovídụtrên,taviếtlạicâubằng“Becauseof…”,cónghĩalàtabiếnmệnh đề“hewas
ill”thànhmộtcụmtừ,vìsau“becauseof”taphảidùngmộtcụmtừ.Nhưvậy,câu viếtlạicó
thểlà:
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Becauseofhisillness,hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.
Hoặc Becauseofbeingill,hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.
Hoặc Becauseofhisbeingill,hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.
* Ví dụ 2 :Hãyviếtlạicâusauđây: -Theybuiltthathouseacenturyago.
Thathouse……
Theo vídụtrên,câuviếtlạibắtđầubằng “Thathouse”–mộttúctừ– cón ghĩa làtaviết
lạicâunàyởdạngbịđộng(passivevoice).Nhưvậy,câuviếtlạinhưsau:
Thathousewasbuiltacenturyago.
* Ví dụ 3 : Hãyviếtlạicâusauđây:
-Hedidn’tgooutbecausehedidn’thavetime.
If……
Theo ví dụ trên, câu viết lại bắt đầu bằng “If”, có nghĩa là ta viết lại câu này thành câu
điềukiệnkhôngcóthậtởquákhứ(loại3)vìthìcủađộngtừởquákhứ.Câuviế tlạinhưsau:
Ifhehadhadtime,hewouldhavegoneout.
* Ví dụ 4 : Hãyviếtlạicâusauđây:
-ThelasttimeIsawherwasfiveyearsago.
Ihaven’t…………
Theovídụtrên,câuviếtlạisẽởthìhiệntạihoànthànhvìcâubắtđầubằng “Ihaven’t……”
Ihaven’tseenherforfiveyears.
(agokhôngđượcdùngởthìhiệntạihoànthành,nêntadùngforđểthayt hế.)
* Ví dụ 5 :Hãyviếtlạicâusauđây: -Hishouseisbiggerthanmine.
Myhouseisn’t………
Theovídụtrên,câuviếtlạisẽchuyểnthànhdạngsosánhbằngởthểphủđị nh. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
Myhouseisn’tasbigashis.
Hay Myhouseisn’tsobigashis(house).
EXERCISE I: Rewritethefollowingsentenceswithoutchangingtheirmeanings:
1/Hisfatheristallerthanhismother.
-Hismotherisnot_______________________________________ 2/Tomdidn’tcometotheparty.Anndidn’tcometotheparty,either. -NeitherTom_______________________________________ 3/Althoughthetrafficwasbad,Iarrivedontime.
-Inspiteof_________________________________________ 4/Ifyouhaveacar,youareabletotravelaroundmoreeasily.
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-Havingacarenables__________________________________ 5/Thesuddennoisecausedmetojump.
-Thesuddennoisemade_________________________________ 6/MyfathersaidIcouldusehiscar.
-Myfatherallowed______________________________________ 7/Shewouldn’tallowmetoreadtheletter.
-Shewouldn’tlet_______________________________________ 8/Tomisill.Hebecameillthreedaysago.
-Tomhas_____________________________________________ 9/Ican’tgiveupsmoking,butI’dliketo.
-Iwish________________________________________________ 10/Sheoftenwritestohimandheoftenwritestoher.
11/Ifyoudon’thurry,you’llbelate.
-Unless_______________________________________________ 12/JaneisabettercookthanMary.
-Marycan’t____________________________________________ 13/Jackistooyoungtogetmarried.
-Jackisnot_____________________________________________ 14/Idon’treallywanttogotothemuseum.
-I’drather______________________________________________ 15/Despitetakingataxi,Billarrivedlatefortheconcert.
-Although______________________________________________ 16/Shemadeherselfillbecausesheworkedveryhard.
-Sheworkedso__________________________________________ 17/ThebookwassogoodthatIcouldn’tputitdown.
-Itwassuch_____________________________________________ 18/Nobodycansolvethisproblem.
-Thisproblem___________________________________________ 19/Themaninjuredintheaccidentwastakentothehospital.
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-Themanwho___________________________________________ 20/Thatgirlisverybeautiful.
-What__________________________________________________ 21/Billisnotoldenoughtodriveacar.
-Billistoo_______________________________________________ 22/Hishouseisnotascomfortableashers.
-Herhouseis_____________________________________________ 23/Itissaidthatheis108yearsold.
-Heissaid________________________________________________ 24/Tomsaid:“I’mfeelingill.”
25/IgotalltheinformationIneedfromTom.
-Tomprovided_____________________________________________ 26/AnnsaidtoBill:“Don’tforgettohaveyourappoinmentwithMr.Br own.” (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
-Annreminded_____________________________________________ 27/Theydon’tunderstandhimbecausehedoesn’tspeakclearly.
-If_______________________________________________________ 28/Shedidn’tbuythecoatbecauseshedidn’thaveenoughmoney. -If_______________________________________________________ 29/Shewasverystupidwhenshewentoutintherain.
-Itwas ___________________________________________________ _
30/IamalwaysnervouswhenItravelbyair.
-Travellingbyair___________________________________________ __
31/ThelasttimeIsawherwasin1985.
-Ihaven’t_________________________________________________ __
32/Thatmealwasexcellent.
-How____________________________________________________ __
33/Thatfactoryisproducingmoreandmorepollution.
-Moreandmorepollution____________________________________ __
34/Wemustleavenoworwe’llmissthetrain.
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-If_______________________________________________________ __
-Shedrives________________________________________________ __
36/Howolddoyouthinkthisbuildingis?
-Whendoyouthink_________________________________________ __
37/Heissorrynowthathedidn’tinviteJanetohisparty.
-Hewishes________________________________________________ __
38/Thisfurnitureissooldthatitisnotworthkeeping.
-Thisis___________________________________________________ __
39/WespentfivehoursgettingtoLondon.
-It_______________________________________________________ __
40/WhenIarrivedinLondon,Iwrotealetterhome.
-On______________________________________________________ __
41/IhopetoseeyouatChristmas.
-I’mlookingforward________________________________________ ___
42/I’veneverseensuchamessinmylife.
-Neverinmylife___________________________________________ ___
43/Don’ttrytoescape.It’snouse. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
-It’snouse________________________________________________ __
44/Itwon’tbedifficulttogetaticketfortheconcert.
-Youwon’thaveany________________________________________ __
45/Whoseisthishandbag?
-Who____________________________________________________ ___
EXERCISEII:Rewritethesesentencesasdirected:
1. The number of discontented young men is increasing considerably. T he reason for
situationisthattheyhaven’tbeengivenvocationalguidanceathomeorinthes chool.
(Combinethesetwosentences,using“Thereasonwhy...”) 2.Hedoesn’tspeakmuchEnglish.Only_________words.
(Useanadjectiveofquantity).
3.Adolescentshaven’tbeengivevocationalguidanceathomeorinthescho ol.
(changetotheActivevoice).
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4. Most school leavers are badly prepared for employment. They know
very little about theirfuturework.
(Use“so... that”tocombinethem).
5.Seldomdidpeopletravelfarfromhomeyearsago. (Usetheordinarywordorder).
6.Mybrotherisafactoryworker.Hetalkedwithyouyesterday. (Combineintoonesentence).
7. That scientific discovery was so important that it has affected every
man’s way of life eversince.
(Use“such”insteadof“so”).
8.Sheaskedhim,“Doyoulikeyourjob?”. (WriteintheReportedspeech).
9.Thestudentshavesuggestedthattheyshouldbegivenmoreemployment guidance.
(UseGerundasObject).
10.Hewasgivenagift.Sowereyou.
(Joinintoonesentence,using“aswellas”).
11.Mysisterhasalreadygotmarried.Sohasmybrother. (Joinintoonesentence,using“both... and”). 12.Idon’thaveanyinterestingbook.Ican’tlendyouany.
(Reduceintoonesentence,usinganinfinitiveinsteadofaclause). 13.Theydesiretohavegoodjobs.
(Useanouninsteadofverb“desire”).
14.Whatyou(do)ifyouhadattendedthemeeting? (Supplythecorrectverbform). (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
15.Mr.Namisanexperienceddoctor.Hesavedmybrotherfromdeath. (Combineintoonesentence,usingRelativepronoun).
EXERCISE III :Rewritethesesentencesasdirected:
1.Becauseofhisloveforteaching,Davidwouldcontinuehisteachingcaree r.
2. Upon completion of his apprenticeship at the construction company,
he worked for a
smallgaragetogetmoreexperience.
(UseanAdverbclauseinsteadofaprepositionalphrase).
3.Onlywhentheyhavechosenarightcareercantheydevotethemselvesto theirjobs.
(Usetheordinaryorder).
4.Hewasgivena chanceto stay onatthisgaragefor sixmoremonthstos eehowhegot
on. (ChangetotheActivevoice).
5.Italwaysrequiresofmanbesteffortstoovercomeeverydifficultyinlife. (UseagerundasSubject).
6.Thismathsproblemistoodifficult.Hecan’tsolveit.
(Reduceintoonesentence,usinganinfinitiveinsteadofaclause). 7.Shehasn’tdoneherhomework.Ihaven’tdonemyhomework.
(Joinintoonesentence,using“Neither... nor”). 8.ShehaslittleknowledgeofEnglishGrammar.
(Transformthesentenceusingaverbinsteadoftheknowledge).
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9.Doyouwanttoplayfootball?(Use“enjoy”insteadof“want”). 10.Sheworkedhardsoshegothighwages.
(Makeaconditionalsentencecontrarytothisfact). 11.Itdoesn’trainenough.Theplantsdon’tgrowproperly.
(Combineintoonesentence,using“enough... to”). 12.“HowlongwillittakeustogotoMyThobycar?”
Idon’tknowit.
(Combineintoonesentence,usinganindirectquestion). 13.Shesaidshedidn’tmind rodeherbicycletoschool.
(UseagerundasObjectofheverb).
14.Somepeoplethinkthatitwouldbehardworktoconservenaturalresources. (UseagerundasSubject).