With the coming of the motor car at the end of the last century a new era in personal transport was born. The early motorist certainly (1)……… his problems- perhaps the biggest one being (2) ……… his vehicle would start or not. This problem has almost (3) ……… today but others have (4) ……… its place. More traffic and faster vehicles mean that, (5) ……… safe and reliable a car may be, its driver has to have (6) ……… more driving skill than ever before.
Today's drivers cannot neglect their own direct and personal (7) ……… for the accidents that happen on the road every year. A good driver has many things (8) ………
his make- up. Some of (9) ………, such as experience and skill, will come only in (10)
………, but others - just as important - must (11) ………part of him from the start.
These qualities are a (12) ……… of responsibility for the safety of others, a
determination to (13) ……… on the job of driving, patience and courtesy. Together, these become what is generally known (14) ……… the drivers' attitude.
(15) ……… everyone is patient (16) ……… nature or gifted with good (17)
………of concentration. But because attitude is (18) ………important a part of safe driving, every driver must (19) ……… a real effort to develop these qualities - and this effort must start from the (20) ………beginning of the first driving lesson.
4 Ex4 / Supply the correct form of the verbs in the passage.
Dear Mom and Dad,
How are you? I (1-miss) you a lot. I (2-be) away from home for a week.
I (3-arrive) Heathrow Airport at 9 a.m this morning. I (4-leave) Paris for London after a week visiting my friend and Auntie Lan. I (5-stay) with Nathalie for two days. I (6-visit) Eiffel Tower. It (7-be) the most beautiful tower I (8-ever see) before. It (9-take) us
nearly two hours to get in and go up to the top of the tower. From high above we (10- see) a vast paranoma of Paris. The French, especially the Parisians(11-be) very proud of this tower.Then we (12-go) Lyon to visit Auntie Lan. We (13-be taken) to the “Old City of Lyon”. It (14-be located) on a hill.We (15-enjoy) the beautiful sight of the modern city from the top hill. We also (16-pay) some visits to the old castles which (17-be built) some centuries ago. We (18-have) a chance to eat the French special food. What we (19- like) the best was traveling by the TVG from Paris to Lyon and back. We (20- watch) the beautiful countryside. The farms (21-be) bigger and more fertile than ours. I also (22-do) some shopping. The souvenirs (23-be) so nice. We (24-stay) with Mr and Mrs.
Brown at the moment. We (25-visit) the Lake District tomorrow. They (26-take) me there by car. The days after we (27-go) to see some interesting places in London such as the Trafalgar Square, the Buckingham Palace, London bridge and travel along the
Thames by boat I(28-buy) some souvenirs from london, too.
I (29-be) back home by the end of the next week. I (30-look) forward to receiving news from home.
With much love, Tam.
* ANSWERS:
1/ Ex1/ 1. I wish I had time to study.
2. I wish I could answer the question.
3. I wish They would leave for France next week.
4. I wish We wouldn't leave in England.
5. I wiah She would visit me again.
6. I wish he were intelligent.
7. I wish My younger brothers didn't play in the street all day.
8. I wish I had seen the TV program last night.
9. I wish My friend, John hadn't lost his pen.
10. I wish Mary hadn't been absent from class yesterday.
2/ EX2:
1.D 6.B 11.D 16. C
2.D 7. D 12.B 17. A
3. A 8.A 13. B 18. D
4. B 9.B 14.B 19. A
5. D 10. C 15. C 20. A
3/ Ex 3:
1. had 6.much/ lots 11.form/ be 16. by
2. whether 7. responsibility 12. sense/ feeling 17. power 3. disapeared/ ended 8. in 13. concentrate/focus 18. so
4. taken 9. them 14.as 19. make
5. however 10. time 15. not 20. very
4/ Ex4:
1. miss 7.is 13.had been taken 19.liked 25.will visit
2. have been 8. have ever seen 14.is located 20. watched 26. will take
3. arrived 9. took 15. enjoyed 21. are 27. will go
4. left 10. saw 16. paid 22. did 28. will buy
5. stayed 11.are 17 was built. 23. were 29. will be back
6. visited 12. went 18. had 24. are staying 30.look
III/ Homework:
- Learn by heart the grammar
- Prepare the passive voice and present perfect tense.
WEEK 5 Date of teaching : 4/10/2011 Passive VOICE
A/ Objectives : - To help Ss to know more about passive and do exercises.
B/ Procedures : I / GRAMMAR
A/ The passive voice.
Active : Hemingway wrote “The old man and the sea “
Passive: “ The old man and the sea” was written by Hemingway.
S + be + PII + by + O
Tense Active voice Passive voice
1. Simple Present 2. Simple Past 3. Simple Future 4. Present Perfect 5. Past Perfect
6. Present Continuous 7. Past Continuous 8. Modals
eat, eats ate
will, shall eat has, have eaten had eaten
am, is, are eating was, were eating can eat
am, is, are eaten was, were eaten will, shall be eaten has,have been eaten had been eaten
am, is, are being eaten was, were being eaten can be eaten
Notes:
- Trạng từ thời gian đứng sau “by”
Ex : She does the housework every morning.
The housework is done by her every morning -Trạng từ thể cách đứng giữa “to be” và PII
E x : She cooked the meals carefully.
The meals were carefully cooked by her.
-Trạng tư nơi chốn đứng trước “by”.
Ex : She will put the flower vase in the living room.
The flower vase will be put in the living room by her.
-Đối với chủ ngữ là : “nobody, nothing, no one “ có thể áp dụng 2 cách chuyển.
Ex : Nobody saw him last night.
He was not seen last night.
He was seen by nobody last night.
-Các chủ ngữ mơ hồ : somebody, something, people, they, someone, khi chuyển sang câu bị động có thể lược bỏ “by + O “
Ex : Somebody has stolen my purse.
My purse has been stolen.
- Động từ nêu lên ý kiến : say, think, believe, report, know………..có thể đổi theo 2 cách:
Ex : People said that he had gone abroad.
It was said that he has gone abroad.
He was said to have gone abroard.
Các nội động từ (Động từ không yêu cầu 1 tân ngữ nào) không được dùng ở bị động.
Ex: My leg hurts.
Đặc biệt khi chủ ngữ chịu trách nhiệm chính của hành động cũng không được chuyển thành câu bị động.
Ex: The America takes charge: Nước Mỹ nhận lãnh trách nhiệm
Nếu là người hoặc vật trực tiếp gây ra hành động thì dùng by nhưng nếu là vật gián tiếp gây ra hành động thì dùng with.
Ex: The bird was shot with the gun - The bird was shot by the hunter.
Trong một số trường hợp to be/to get + P2 hoàn toàn không mang nghĩa bị động mà mang 2 nghĩa:
Chỉ trạng thái mà chủ ngữ đang ở trong đó
Ex: Could you please check my mailbox while I am gone.
Ex: He got lost in the maze of the town yesterday.
Chỉ việc chủ ngữ tự làm lấy
Ex: The little boy gets dressed very quickly.
Ex: Could I give you a hand with these tires.
No thanks, I will be done when I finish tightening these bolts.
Mọi sự biến đổi về thời và thể đều nhằm vào động từ to be, còn phân từ 2 giữ nguyên.
• to be made of: Được làm bằng (Đề cập đến chất liệu làm nên vật) Ex: This table is made of wood
• to be made from: Được làm ra từ (đề cập đến việc nguyên vật liệu bị biến đổi hoàn toàn về trạng thái ban đầu để làm nên vật)
Ex: Paper is made from wood
• to be made out of: Được làm bằng (đề cập đến quá trình làm ra vật) Ex: This cake was made out of flour, butter, sugar, eggs and milk
• to be made with: Được làm với (đề cập đến chỉ một trong số nhiều chất liệu làm nên vật)
Ex: This soup tastes good because it was made a lot of spices.
B/ The present perfect tense 1/ Form
(+) S + have/has + PII (-) S + have/has + not + PII (?) Have/Has + S + PII …?
2/ The uses.
a) Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ không nêu rõ thời gian.
Ex : I have read the introduction but I don’t understand them.
She has painted her room.
b) Một hành động mới xảy ra gần đây mà kết quả vẫn còn ở hiện tại.
Ex : Tom has had a bad car accident.
c) Một hành động bắt đầu ở quá khứ nhưng còn tiếp diễn đến hiện tại (thường dùng với since và for).
-Since: thời điểm -For: thời lượng
Ex : We have lived in this house since 1972.
They have stayed in that hotel for two weeks.
d) Một hành động xảy ra trong một khoảng thời gian chưa chấm dứt ( thường dùng với today, this morning, this month, all night, all week…….)
Ex : He has played video games all night.
I have got many bad marks this semester.
e) Được dùng với các cấu trúc :
* This/That/ It is the first/second/third…………time……..
* This/That/ It is the only………..
* This/That/It is + superlative.
Ex : This is the first time I have been to London.
This is the only party I’ve ever enjoyed in my life.
That is the most exciting novel I’ve ever read.
f) Thường dùng với các thành ngữ : already, not………yet, yet, ever, never, just, so far, recently, lately………..
Ex : Have you seen Ann lately ?
My parents have just bought a new house.