What is N u m b e r One in the charts? W ho won last nights match? W hat is the w e a th e r forecast? here are two w a ys of finding out:
1. Ring one of the telephone information services.
2. If you have TV fitted with teletext, press the buttons on th e c o n t r o l l e r a n d watch the screen.
Facts like this can be stored in a c o m p u te r and sent to you by telep hone , radio or TV. All these things handle in fo rm a tio n . T h e y are e x am ples of information te c h nology or IT.
Information te c h n o lo g y was p r o b a b ly u s e d w h e n th is encyclopedia was bought. In a la ig e book shop, the tills are c o n e c te d to a computer.
The c o m p u te r stores a huge
/ V q hat ditng ddu danh A ^ /s a c h la dia nac^? Ai thdng tran ddu dem qua? Di/
bao thdi tiet cd gi? Ddy la hai phuang cach tim hieu:
1. Goi dien thoai cho mot trong cdc dich vu thong tin.
2. Neu dung T V noi i &i Tele
text, ban nhdn nut tren bo dieu khien va xcm man hinh.
Cdc sU kien nhu t ay cd the ditqc litu git? trong mdy dien toan vd gdi tdi cdc ban qua dien thoai, radio hoac TV.
Tdt cd nhitng vat dung nay deu xit ly thdng tin. Chung la nhttng vi du ve cong nghe thdng tin hoac IT
Cdng nghe thdng tin cd the ditqc dung khi mua bo bach khoa nay. Trong mot hieu sach Idn, ngan keo thu tien duac noi vdi may dien toan.
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a m o u n t of data about titles, a u th o r s , p ric e s , b o o k s in stock and money taken d u r
ing the day. This store of in
form a tio n is called a d a ta b a s e . A c o m p u t e r c a n s e a r c h its d a ta b a s e v e ry quickly. It can find the details needed, sort them, display them, and even pass them on to another com p u te r by telephone.
Facts by phone
W hen c o m p u te rs spea k to e a ch o th e r o v e r the t e le p h o n e , t h e y d o n o t use sounds, as people do. They send data in the form of elec
trical signals. With a fax m a c h in e , p ic tu r e s a n d e ve n hand writing can be sent by p h o n e T h e m a c h in e can copy e verythin g on a sheet of paper and ch a n g e it into e l e c t r ic a l s ig n a ls . At the other end of the line, a s e c ond fax m achine can receive the signals and print out a copy of what was sent.
T he latest te le p h o n e lines are not made of metal They are very narrow strands of g a ls s c a lle d o p tic a l fibres
Mdy dien toan litu gii7 so luqng dit lieu lan ve cdc ten sach, tac gid, gid cd, nhat ky ve cluing khoan va tien thu trong ngay. Kho chita tliong tin nay ditqc goi la co so dit lieu (database). M dy dien toan co the tim co so di7 lieu ciia no rdt nhanh. No co the tim nhitng chi tiet cdn thict, sdp xep cluing, trinh bay cluing, vd tham clu chuyen chung den mdy dien toan khac bdng ditdng dien thoai.
T h d n g tin b d n g d ie n th o a i Khi cdc mdy dien toan trao doi thong tin cho nhau bdng ditdng dien tlioqi, cluing khong dimg dm thanh giong nlut con ngudi. Cluing goi dit lieu tlico dang tin hieu dien tit. Vdi mdy fax. cdc hinh anh vd tham chi cdc vdn bdn co the ditqc goi bdng ditdng dien tlioqi. Mdy co the chop moi thit len to gidy vd chuyen thanh cdc tin hieu dien tit.
Tea cuoi duang ddy klidc, mot mdy fax thit hai co the nhdn cdc tin hieu vd in lai ra mot ban da ditqc gdi di.
Cdc ditdng ddy dien thoai mdi nhdt khong chc tao bdng
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“ light p ip e s ” . Signals travel along them as pulses of la
ser light. T h e y w a ste less p o w e r t h a n th e o ld w ire lin e s , a n d th e y can c a rry much more data.
Paying w ith plastic
With information technology, p e o p le do not n e e d ca s h when they buy things. They can use plastic cards instead.
C re d it card s have a m a g n etic s trip on th e m ra th e r like a piece of casse tte tape.
In a shop, a c o m p u te r can read the details recorded on this strip. It can c h e c k its d a tabase to see if the card is o u t o f d a t e o r s t o le n or w h e th e r the c u s to m e r has e n o u g h m o n e y in th e ir bank a c c o u n t. If all is w e ll, the c u s t o m e r c a n t a k e t h e goods. T h e c o m p u te r sends d a ta a b o u t th e bill to the c re d it c a rd c o m p a n y . T h e c u s to m e r pays the cm p a n y later i the month.
kim loai. Chung Id nhitng sqi thuy tinh rdt nhd duoc goi la sai cap quang Cdc tin hieu di theo chung dudi dang xung dien anh sdng laser.
Chung ton it ndng luqng han duang ddy kim loai cii, vd co th£ mang nhieu dU lieu han.
Chi tra bdng the nhtia Vai cong nghe thong tin, nguai ta khong cdn tien mdt khi mua hdng. Thay vao do ho co the dung cdc the nhua.
The tin dung Cdc the tin dung co mot dai tu tinh ben tren, hai giong mot mdu bdng cassette. Trong ciia hieu, may diin toan co the doc moi chi tiet duac ghi tren dai nay.
No co the kiem tra ca so dU lieu cua no de xem the co het han hoac bi danh cdp khong hoac xem khach hang cd du tien trong tdi khoan ngdn hdng cua ho khong. Neu tat cd deu tot dep, thi khach hdng cd the dem hdng hoa ve. Mdy dien toan gai dil lieu hoa dan cho cdng ty the tin dung. Khach hdng tra tien cho cdng ty sau ngay trcng thdng do.
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D eb it card s are rather like credit cards, except that the s h o p ’s c o m p u te r arra nges for the bill to be paid straight from your bank account. You pay now and not later.
P repaid card s are paid for before you use them. Phone cards are like this. You buy a card and use it instead of m o n e y w h e n you m ake a call from a pho ne box. Each time the card is used a tiny com p u te r in the phone box c h a n g e s n u m b e r on th e magnetic strip. W hen all the time paid for is used up, the card is no longer valid.
S m a rt c a r d s a re p la s tic cards with a tim e electronic chip built into th e m . T h e y can store as much inform a
tion as small computer. They can be used as credit cards, debit cards or prepaid cards.
T h e y c a n e v e n s to r e m e d ic a ld e ta ils in c a s e of e m e rg e n c y . It all d e p e n d s on w h a t a c o m p u te r has told the card to do.
The ghi net Cdc the ghi no kha giong the tin dung, ngoai trU mdy dien toan cua ciia hieu chudn bi hoa don de duac tra ngay tU tai khoan ngdn hdng cua ban. Ban tra ngay vd khong de ve sau.
The tra trit&c Cdc the tra trudc phai duac tra tien trudc khi ban dung chung. Cdc the dien thoai cung giong nhu vay. Ban mua mot the vd dung no thay cho tien khi ban goi d tram dien thoai.
Moi lan sii dung the, thi mdy dien toan nhd tai tram dien thoai thay doi so tren dai tU tinh. Khi da dung het tdt cd cdc cuoc goi da duac tra tien the khong con gia tri nUa.
The thong minh Cdc the thong ■minh co con bo dien tii nhd duac thiet ke trong the. Chung co the luu giii nhieu thong tin nhu mot mdy dien toan nhd. Chiing co the dung nhu nhiing the tin dung, the ghi no vd the tra trUdc. Chung co the luu giU cd nhitng chi tiet ve y khoa trong trubng hop khan cap.
Tdt cd deu tuy thuoc vao nhiing gi md mdy dien toan yeu cdu the thuc hien.
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Laser cards now being d e veloped can hold even more in fo rm a tio n . T h e ir da ta is read by a laser beam. All the articles in this encyclope dia could be stored on a single card.
Hom e sho ppin g with IT S o m e p e o p le do not like shopping, they would rather s t a y at h o m e a n d o r d e r goods from a catalogue.
Now, with information te c h n o lo g y , t h e y can s h o p in front the television. A s p e cial c o m p u te r links the TV to the telephone. Lists of goods appear on the screen, just like teletext data Custom ers use the com p u te r to select the goods they want. They pay for th e m by ty p in g in their credit card number.
W orkin g with IT
M a n y p e o p le a lre a d y use in fo r m a tio n t e c h n o lo g y at work. B a nks use com puters to s t o r e a c c o u n t d e ta ils . C o m p a n i e s u s e t h e m to
The Laser Hien nay cac the laser dang duac cai tien cd the lau giU nhieu thdng tin han. DU lieu cua chung duac doc bdng tia laser. Tdt cd muc trong bo bach khoa nay co the duac litu giU chi tren mot the.
Mua sam bdng cdng nghf thdng tin
Mot so ngudi khong thich di mua sd/n. Ho thich d nhd vd dat hang tifca-ta-lo <catalogue).
N gay nay, vdi cdng nghe thong tin, ho cd the mua sdm trudc mdn truycn hinh Mot mdy dien toan chuyen dung se noi truyen hinh idi dien thocii. Danh such cac mat hdng xuat hicn tren man hinh, giong nhu dU lieu tele
text. Cdc khach hang dung mdy dien toan de chon hang ho muon. Ho tra tien hang bdng cach danh con so the tin dung cua ho vao.
Lam viec bdng cdng nghp thong tin
Nhieu ngudi da dung cdng nghe thdng tin tai nm lam viec. Cdc ngdn hang dung mdy dien toan de lau gut moi 206
w o rk out bills and wages.
T ra ve l a g e n ts and airlines u se c o m p u t e r s lin k e d by te le p h o n e s to make b o o k ings. And at airports, aircraft flights are directed by c o m p u t e r s . W ith in f o r m a t io n technology, more and more people can work at home in
stead of going to an office.
T h e y can use a c o m p u te r which is linked to their office by p h o n e . T h is is c a lle d teleworking.
K eeping secrets
Banks, schools, com pan ies and health c e n te rs all use in fo rm a tio n te c h n o lo g y to store data abo ut peple. Not e v e r y o n e is h a p p y a b o u t this. T he y worry that c o m puters may pass on in form a
tion that should be kept pri
vate. M any co u n trie s have laws to c o v e r the way data is stored and used In Brit
ain, the law is called the Data Protection Act. It stops o rg a nizations passing on infor-
chi tiet ciia tai khoan. Cdc cong ty dung cluing dr tinh cdc hoa dan vd lilong. Cong ty du lich vd hdng hang khong sii dung max vi tinh diipc noi bdng dien thoai de thuc hicn vice dat cho tri toe.
Vd tai sdn bay, cac chuyen bay dupe dieu h/ucn bdng may dien toan. Vai cong nghc thong tin, cdng ngay cdng co nhieu ngifai co the lam nee tai nhd thay vi den ca quan.
Ho co the dung may dien toan dupe noi toi vdn phong ciia ho bdng diiong day dien thoai. Dieu nay dupe goi Id Idm vice tii xa.
GiU bi mat
Cdc ngdn hdng, trUong hoc.
cong ty vd trung tdm site khoc tdt cd deu cliing cong nghc thong tin dc luu giU di? lieu vc con nguai. Khong ai vui ve ve dieu nay. H o lo ngai rdng cac m ay dien toan cd the dc 16 thong tin cdn dupe giU kin. Nhieu quoc gia co cdc luat le hen quan den each md dU lieu dupe lUu vd sil dung. Tai Anh, luat nay dupe g o t Id Dao Luat Bao vc DU lieu.
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mation w ith out permission. Dao luat nay ngdn chan cdc And it gives people the right t6 chUc xuat thong tin ma to see som e of the data be- khong duac phep Va dao ing kept abo ut them. luat cho con nguai quyen
duac xem m ot so dU lieu dang duac litu giU ve ho.
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