PHƯƠNG PHÁP LÀM BÀI TẬP SỬA LỖI SAI
IV. RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ
3. Cụm động từ nguyên mẫu
a. Dùng khi danh từ đứng trước có các từ sau bổ nghĩa :ONLY,LAST,số thứ tự như:
FIRST,SECOND, NEXT ... và dạng so sánh nhất
Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định có thể rút gọn bằng cụm động từ nguyên mẫu ( to- inf hoặc for + O + to- inf)
Cách làm: Bỏ who, which,that, chủ từ (nếu có ) và modal verb như can,will...thêm to trước động từ
This is the only student who can do the problem.
This is the only student who can do the problem This is the only student to do the problem.
The caption was the last man who left the ship.
The caption was the last man to leave the ship.
New Zealand was the first country which gave women the vote.
New Zealand was the first country to give women the vote.
b. Khi muốn diễn đạt mục đích và sự cho phép The children need a big yard which they can play in.
The children need a big yard to play in.
c. Đầu câu có HERE (BE),THERE (BE)
There are six letters which have to be written today.
There are six letters to be written today Here is a form that you must fill in.
Here is a form for you to fill in.
NOTE:
Trong phần to inf này các bạn cần nhớ 2 điều sau:
- Nếu chủ ngữ của 2 mệnh đề khác nhau thì thêm cụm for sb trước to inf.
We have some picture books that children can read.
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S ư u t ầ m , t ổ n g h ợ p P a g e 8 | 32 We have some picture books for children to read.
Tuy nhiên nếu chủ từ đó là đại từ có nghĩa chung chung như we,you,everyone.... thì có thể không cần ghi ra.
Studying abroad is the wonderful thing that we must think about.
Studying abroad is the wonderful thing (for us ) to think about.
- Nếu trước relative pronoun có giới từ thì phải đem xuống cuối câu. ( đây là lỗi dễ sai nhất).
We have a peg on which we can hang our coat.
We have a peg to hang our coat on.
NOTE: PHƯƠNG PHÁP LÀM BÀI LOẠI RÚT GỌN:
Khi học thì ta học từ dễ đến khó nhưng khi làm bài thì ngược lại phải suy luận từ khó đến dễ.
Bước 1 :
- Tìm xem mệnh đề tính từ nằm chỗ nào
Bước này cũng dễ vì mệnh đề tính từ thường bắt đầu bằng WHO,WHICH,THAT...
Bước 2:
Bước này chủ yếu là giảm từ mệnh đề xuống cụm từ, tuy nhiên cách suy luận cũng phải theo thứ tự nếu không sẽ làm sai.
Ví dụ:
This is the first man who was arrested by police yesterday.
Mới nhìn ta thấy đây là câu bị động ,nếu vội vàng thì sẽ dễ dàng biến nó thành : This is the first man arrested by police yesterday (sai)
Thật ra đáp án là : “This is the first man to be arrested by police yesterday đúng”
Vậy thì làm thế nào để không sai:
Các em hãy lần lượt làm theo các bước sau:
1. Nhìn xem mệnh đề có công thức S + BE + CỤM DANH TỪ không? Nếu có thì áp dụng công thức rút gọn thành cụm danh từ
2. Nếu không có công thức đó thì xem tiếp trước who, which... có các dấu hiệu first, only...v..v không, nếu có thì áp dụng công thức đổi sang cụm động từ nguyên mẫu (to inf.) lưu ý thêm xem 2 chủ từ có khác nhau không ( để dùng for sb )
3 .Nếu không có 2 trường hợp trên mới xét xem câu đó chủ động hay bị động mà dùng VING hay P.P.
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B. Bài tập
TRẮC NGHIỆM
1. What the name of the man ____ gave us a lift ?
A. he B. what C. which D. who 2. Were you able to locate the person _____ wallet you found?
A. Which B. that his C. whose D. that’s
3. My friend Nigel, _______ works in the city, earns much more than I do.
A. That B. which C. who D. whose 4. Every one _________ the building was searched by the police.
A. Enter B. entered C. entering D. enters 5. Yesterday was the hottest day ___________ remember.
A. that can B. Which can C. which I can D. I can 6. There was little ______ we could do to help her.
A. which B. what C. that D. when 7. Atlanta is the city __________ the olympic games were held in 1996.
A. That B. when C. where D. which 8. Ann quit her job at the advertising agency, ________________ surprised
everyone.
A. Which B. that C. who D. that it 9. Is this the adress ____________ you want the package sent ?
A. That B. to that C. to which D. to 10. What was that notice ______________?
A. At that you were looking C. you were looking at B. You were looking at D. which you were looking 11. Little Women, ________________ in 1868, is my favorite book.
A. Is a novel published C. a novel was published B. Was a novel published D. was a novel published 12. I have three brothers, _________________ are businessmen.
A. All of which B. all of those C. all of whom D. all of who 13. The chemistry book ___________ was a little expensive.
A. That I bought it C. what I bought B. I bought that D. I bought
14. We passed shops ________________ windows were decorated for christmas.
A. The B. their C. which D. whose 15. “why do you get up at 4:00 am ?” “ because it’s the only time _____
without being interupteD.
A. When I can work on my book
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S ư u t ầ m , t ổ n g h ợ p P a g e 10 | 32 B. When I can work on my book at
C. When I can work on my book then D. At when I can work on my book.
16. I didn’t believe them at first but in fact every thing___________ was true.
A. They said B. that they said to C. what they said D. to which they said 17. That book is by a famous anthropologist. It’s about the people in Samoa _______
for 2 years
A. That she lived
B. that she lived among them C. among whom she lived
D. where she lived among whom
18. Do you remember Mrs. Goddard, _______________taught us english composition
A. Who B. whom C. that D. which 19. Only a few of movies _________ on Tv are suitable for children.
A. Which show B. showing C. shown D. are shown 20. Do you have the book ______________the teacher
A. That it belongs to B. To which belongs to C. To which belongs D. That belongs to
21. York, ___________________ last year, is a nice lod city
A. I visited B. that I visited C. which I visited D. whom I visited
22. Neil Amstrong, the first person ___________on the moon, reported that the surface was fine and powdery.
A. That set foot B. set foot C. setting foot D. to set foot 23. They left me at the bus stop _________ they had met me the week before
A. Where B. which C. when D. that 24. Thanks giving is a time ____________ everyone eats turkey in American.
A. At that time B. when C. that D. b & c 25. The girl _______________ is my neighbor.
A. Talks to the lady over there.
B. Is talking to the lady over there C. Was talking to the lady over there D. Talking to the lady over there
26. Vladimir Putin said that he loved his wife and two daughters as well as his dog, __________ also a female, so much
Relative clauses ( mệnh đề quan hệ )
S ư u t ầ m , t ổ n g h ợ p P a g e 11 | 32 A. Which was B. that were C. all of whom were D. which were 27. His father is a bank manager, ______________ makes him easy to have a good
joB.
A. Whom B. which C. who D. that 28. World trade patterns indicative of the important economic issues ____ confront
the world today
A. What B. that C. who D. they
29. Jackie Joyner- Kersce, __________ the world record in the heptathlon in the 1988 olympics, also won the long jump in that year.
A. Whose setting B. which she set C. whoever set D. who set 30. Hiram Revels, the first black member of the United State Senate, served as
senator for Missisippi, an office ___________ he was elected in 1870.
A. Which B. in which C. and which D. being which 31. Medical research at the cellular level, _________ research on the immune system,
has been made possible through twentieth – century advances in techniques of genetic research.
A. Which B. whereas C. such as D. is also 32. Not only ______ much bigger than any other planets, but unlike the planets, it
consists completely of gaseous material.
A. The sun is B. the Sun, which is C. is the sun D. that the Sun 33. The olimpics marathon distance ______ in the ancient times to honor a message
who ran from Marathon to Athens to deliver vital news and then died
A. Established B. was established C. establishing D. which establisheD.
34. It’s not until December 25 __________ the exam results will be announceD.
A. Which B. what C. that D. when 35. My friends gave me a suprising party, ______________ was good of them
A. Which B. this C. that D. what 36. Have I told you about ________________ the government is dealing.
A. The problem with which B. The problem with that C. The problem
D. The problem that
37. I’ve put Mr. Matthew’s paper in your green file, _________ is on your desk.
A. Whose B. that C. which D. who
38. Vending machine is an automatic machine with drinks and sweets, _______ you put coins to release whatever you paid for.
A.In that B. in which C. at which D. at that
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39. He is part of a team _______is suggesting the authorities in England reduce the number of vending machines in public places.
A. Who B. of which C. whose D. which 40. Like you all, I dislike people___________ their promise.
A. Who are not keeping B. That doesn’t keep C. Who don’t keep D. Whom don’t keep
41. Hearing – aid devices are very helpful for _____________ are hard of hearing A. Those B. those who C. people D. who
42. Are there any house chore for __________ men are better than ____ women.
A. That/ suit B. whose/ suited C. which/ suited D. which/ suit 43. The trail lead led over sandhills ____ thin grasses and thorny bushed grew.
A. Where there were B. where C. that were D. that
44. The creation plan ___________ they disagreed would require the construction of two new dams.
A. About which B. on whom C. that D. why
45. The school programme _________ has been interrupted by revision tests requires a regular course study.
A. Whose B. who C. that D. what 46. Credit________ is given in this semester requires approximately three hours of
classroom work.
A. Where B. what C. when D. which 47. Two courses ______ have the same subjects are in different times.
A. That B. what C. when D. where 48. You may enrol your course by email ________ can be faster than other
registration forms
A. Whom B. which C. where D. when 49. Students __________ register for courses do not have any problems.
A. Whom B. what C. who D. when 50. August 23rd is the last day __________ you may transfer to another course.
A. Which B. on which C.that D. what 51. Our course needs some requirements _______are listed here.
A. Which B. when C. what D. where
52. Before coming to my office, please check the appointments ________ are listed in my official calender.
A. When B. why C. that D. what
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53. The appointment ________ continues beyond three hours is always very important for my customers.
A. When B. who C. what D. which 54. The girl ___________ dress you admire has been working for an expo company
since she left school.
A. Who B. whose C. what D. whom 55. Students _____________ special accomodations should contact the private
dormitory office immediately.
A. Whom require B. that are require C. require D. requiring 56. This book is about introduction to Indians _________ culture started in the
medieval century.
A. Whose B. who C. what D. whom 57. Your company can see our records __________ all technical information can be
seen.
A. Which B. on which C. at which D. from which
58. With reference to your email __________ 20th, May our firm thanks for your information.
A. Which dated B. which is dating C. dated D. what is dated 59. Did they buy every thing _______?
A. They wished to buy B. What they wished buy
C. Which they had planned buying D. What they wished to buy.
60. I never forget the time ______ my motorbike broke down in a very crowded street.
A. Where B. when C. that D. in which 61. I couldn’t remember the time __________ there was no internet
A. When B. why C. which D. what 62. The restaurant __________ we had .our dinner was the most expensive in this
city.
A. When B. which C. where D. that 63. The top mode about ___________ I was telling is on TV now.
A. Who B. whom C. that D. which 64. I’m thinking of entering the university _______ facilities anf exellent.
A. Who B. that C. when D. whose 65. Is there a reason __________ she doesn’t want to talk in the lecture ?
A. Why B. which C. that D. when 66. Are you the student ______ mother called me yesterday ?
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S ư u t ầ m , t ổ n g h ợ p P a g e 14 | 32 A. That B. who C. whose D. when 67. Is that the same film __________- we what last year.
A. Who B. when C. for which D. 0
68. Mary, _________ has only been in Japan for 3 months, speaks Japanese perfectly.
A. That B. whom C. Who D. which 69. Dick, _________ we met in New Jesey, is going to meet us next week.
A. When B. who C. which D. that 70. Who was the young boy__________ this morning.
A. Who you talked B. whom you talked C. you talked D. you talked to 71. The reason _______ I didn’t call you is that my father didn’t let me use my cell
phone.
A. Why B. which C. when D. what 72. “ which is your daughter ?”
“ she is the child __________ has long, straight hair “
A. Whose B. who C. which D. when
73. I don’t think my girl friend will remember the day ____ we saw each other for the first time.
A. Which B. at which C. on which D. that 74. August is the month _________ I always give my birthday’s parties.
A. In which B. which C. what D. why 75. The purse ___________ she has lost last week was found yesterday.
A. Whom B. what C. of which D. which 76. The old lady ________-- we were traveling told us her life story.
A. With whom B. of whom C. with whose D. whom 77. She says the exam, _________ she took yesterday, was full of hard question.
A. Of which B. which C. whom D. in which.
78. Genghis Khan, _________name means “very mighty ruler”, was a Mongol emperor in the Middle Ages.
A. whom B. whose C. who D. how 79. The children_______ sang at the Mayor’s parade were from the local school.
A. whose B. where C. who D. whom 80. Galileo,_______ published works proving that the Earth revolves around the Sun,
continued his
scientific experiments even when he went deaf and blind .
A. when B. who C. where D. whose 81. The school program _______ has been interrupted by revision tests, requires a
regular course study.
A. whose B. who C. what D. that
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82. Credit ______ is given in this semester requires approximately three hours of classroom work.
A. which B. what C. when D. where 83. Tow courses______ have the same subjects are in different times.
A. that B. what C. when D. where 84. You may enroll our course by e-mail______ can be faster than other registration
forms.
A. who B. where C. which D. when 85. The girl______ dress you admire has been working for an expo company since
she left school.
A. who B. what C. whose D. whom 86. The young man______ was released after the court was found innocent of all the
charges against him.
A. who B. who he C. which D. whose 87. Is that the same film______ we watched last year?
A. when B. which C. why D. who 88. The girl______ I borrowed the dictionary asked me to use it carefully.
A. whose B. from whom C. from whose D. whom 89. The pupils_______ we took to the amusement park behaved themselves very
well.
A. which B. with whom C . whom D. which 90. Bournemouth, ________ we are going to visit next summer, is a real paradise for
the retireD.
A. that B. what C. which D. in which 91. Thatcher,_______ birthplace was above a shop in the small English town of
Grantham, became Prime Minister of Britain four years after she had become the leader of the Conservative Party in 1975.
A. where B. whose C. in which D. which 92. First jeans,_______ became fashionable for women after they saw them in
Vogue magazine, were made by two Americans, Jacob Davis and Levi Strauss.
A. that B. whose C. of which D. which 93. The first television picture_______ John Logier Baird transmitted on 25,
November, 1905 was a boy______ worked in the office next to Baird’s workroom in London.
A. which / whom B. who / which C. that/ whose D. that / who 94. Felix Hoffman, a 29-year-old chemist______ worked for the German company
Bayer, invented the drug Aspirin in April 1879.
A. where B. whose C. whom D. who
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95. Joyce Bows, ______ was born and grew up in Portsmouth on the south coast of England, _______ she still lives, was 100 last year.
A. that / in which B. who / where C. that / where D. who / that
96. The big clock_______ used to strike the hours day and night was damaged during the war and has been silent ever since.
A. whose B. that is C. what D. which 97. The pollution ______ they were talking is getting worse.
A. that B. about which C. which D. whom 98. The engineer_______ our company relies is on holiday.
A. who B. on whom C. whose D. whom 99. The dam_______ they plan to build will cover acres of forest.
A. which B. to which C. whom D. where 100. He is a talented cricket player ______ abilities include fast bowling and
powerful batting.
A. where B. whose C. whom D. of which 101. Eastern Rwanda is very different from the South-west, _______ monkeys,
birds and orchids thrive in the high altitude primary.
A. when B. where C. which D. who 102. Wednesday is the day_________ a tour guide leads a tour around the
town’s historical places.
A. when B. which C. whose D.
where
103. Robert Riva, an Italia______ used to play for Cremonese, now coaches Reigate under 11’s football team.
A. when B. which C. where D. who 104. The town ________ the folk festival is taking place is usually a quiet resort.
A. when B. where C. whom D.
which
105. As a celebrity______ many children admire, it is important for her to act responsibly.
A. when B. where C. whom D.
whose
106. We always hold a family barbecue in our garden on Independence . A. what B. that C. when D.
which
107. When I was at school. There was a girl in my class_______ skin was so sensitive that she couldn’t expose her skin to the sun even with cream on.
A. where B. whose C. whom D. that
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108. We’ll row until the spot ______ the river bends and then we’ll turn back.
A. where B. when C. whose D.
which
109. On the days_______ I feel I need to reflect on the past and plan my future, I sit by the river and watch the swans swim past.
A. when B. where C. whose D.
which
110. My mother’s Elvis Presley tape, ________ she listened to every day, has broken in the music centre.
A. which B. what C. whose D.
who
111. Unfortunately, the friend with_______ intended to go on holiday to Side is ill, so I’ll have to cancel my trip.
A. who B. whom C. where D.
that
112. According to the research, the time at ______ most road accidents happen is early evening.
A. when B. which C. whose D.
that
113. The new stadium, ……….. will be completed next year, will seat 30,000 spectators.
A. what B. where C. when D.
which
114. Blenheim Palace, _______ Churchill was born , is now open to the publiC.
A. when B. where C. which D.
whose
115. Students_______ register for courses do not have any problems.
A. whom B. who C. what D.
when
116. August 23rd is the last date_______ you may tr August 23rd is the last date_______ you may transfer to another course.
August 23rd is the last date_______ you may transfer to another course.
ansfer to another course.
A. which B. on which C. why D.
what
117. Our course needs some requirements _______ are listed here.
A. what B. when C. which D.
where
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118. Before coming to my office, please check the appointment _______ are listed in my official calendar.
A. that B. why C. when D. where 119. I never forget the time _____ my motorbike broke down in a very crowded
street.
A. where B. what C. when D. in which 120. I couldn’t remember the time _____ there was no internet.
A. what B. who C . which D. when 121. The restaurant _____ we had our dinner was the most expensive in this
city.
A. where B. which C. when D. that 122. The top model about _____ I was telling you is on TV now.
A. who B. which C. that D. whom 123. Are you student______ mother called me yesterday?
A. whose B. who C. that D. when 124. Mary, ______ has only been in Japan for 3 months, speaks Japanese
perfectly.
A. that B. whom C. which D. who 125. Who is your daughter? She is the child _____ has long, straight hair.
A. whose B. who C. which D. when 126. August is the month ______ I always give my birthday parties.
A. which B. in which C. what D. who 127. The purse ______ she had lost last week was found yesterday.
A. which B. what C. whose D. whom 128. The old lady ______ we were travelling told us her life story.
A. of whom B. with whom C. whose D. whom 129. She says the exam, ______ she took yesterday, was full of hard questions.
A. which B. of which C. whom D. of whose 130. I called my cousin, ______ is a mechanic, to fix my car, _______ was
broken.
A. who / which B. that / all of which C. who / all of which D. who / what 131. My only blue tie,_______ Richard wants to wear, is really an expensive
one.
A. that B. whose C. which D. whom 132. This is the village _______ my family and I lived for six years.
A. in which B. that C. on which D. in where 133. She is a famous actress ______ everybody admires.
A. to whom B. whom C. to which D. of whom