Teaching techniques are the ways which are used by teachers to present information to be learned. The teaching resources best suited to the students, such as the latest technology, may not be available to teachers, teachers must find the best techniques to teach the students using the resources available to them.
These are some popular techniques for teaching English vocabulary:
1, Textbooks and learning materials
A textbook is a book someone uses to learn. It is usually supplied in classrooms form primary school to post secondary school. People use it to learn form it about certain subject.
A textbook or course book (UK English) is a manual of instruction in many branch of study. A textbook can also be any standard book on a subject, which is not necessarily used in a particular course. Textbooks are produced according to the demands of educational institutions. Most textbooks are only published in printed format, many are now available as online electronic books.
The learning materials include a wide range of activities, exercises, and study guides that make learning fun. All study guides and activities are aligned with curriculum guidelines.
Textbook is the material teaching of teachers and learning of students.
Using textbooks and reference books is the effectively teaching method.
At first, textbook is the facility to help students prepare the lesson, do homework and practice exercises. Without textbooks and reference books, studying can not finish with the good result in class. So they play important role in receiving knowledge and forming learning skill of students.
For self-educated pupils, textbook and learning materials seem to be the important information sources before going to school. Students use books to supplement, complete and enrich their knowledge. When using these books students can collect and receive scientific information that helps students‟
discussion and argument effectively.
Besides, students are able to practice the way to read, write down, analysis learning material and form them in accordance with the new system and logic. It means that pupils can know how to present information scientifically.
2, Pictures
Pictures are very helpful tools in presenting and drilling forms of new words, since they draw learners‟ attention and make these often boring activities more enjoyable.
And that is exactly what teachers need when presenting new language to catch their learners‟ full attention, to raise their interest in the presented subject and hence also their motivation.
The picture is used in a more meaningful and real-life communicative‟
way than being just displayed for pupils to say what they can actually see. This will probably have a greater impact on the retention of a piece of vocabulary again and also subsequently on the ability to use it in communication.
The teacher works with two antonymous pictures, or similarly, compares two things very alike in their meaning, such as „hill‟ and „mountain‟. Yet another possibility is to employ the sense of a collective idea or to present the word as a part of a larger thing. As for the first case, the verb „to work‟ can be accompanied by pictures of different people working in various jobs; in the second case, the word „leaf‟ can be put into context as a part of „ a tree‟ (Wright 1990: 139-144; Wright and Haleem 1996: 51-52)
3, Games and simulations
Game and simulations provide educator with an opportunity to engage learners in an immersive and interactive environment that requires knowledge, decision making, and information management skills.
However, the use of immersive learning environments can be controversial; their association with play and fun is often considered non educational. Even so, games and simulations are gaining increased cultural acceptance.
In the development tendency of modern education, games are studied to assist pupils‟ learning. There are many types of learning games such as acting
games, intelligent games, art games. According to the lesson content and psychology features, people will use the game suitably. Game is a light teaching forms which attracts students into active learning.
4, Pair and group work
Language learning is about interaction. The more often children heat and use the language the more natural they will find it. This may seem daunting to teachers who are developing their language skills and are not subject specialists. The answer is to use small amounts of language regularly and built up gradually.
Short, simple and relevant exchanges can be scripted for children and it is highly recommended to make the best use of audio tapes, CD and DVD material to give models for pair work.
Example of pair work in this lesson show how whole class learning can provide the stimulus of pair work, building up from whole class repetition with the teacher to individual pairs f children rehearsing language and conversing in a simple, relevant and enjoyable exchange of information. There are example also of group work where the children act as language detectives and discuss the new language in English in order to understand how it works and how to use it independently.
5, Audio
Teachers can teach English through audio segments of radio programs, online podcasts, instructional lectures and other audio messages. They should model this interactive listening process in class with your students, and then instruct them to repeat the exercise on their own. First, instruct students to prepare for listening by considering anything that they will want to learn from the content of the audio segment. Once they have written down or shared these ideas, then play the audio segment, allowing the students to take notes if helpful.
Once they have gained confidence and experience, repeat this activity but instruct students to not take notes until the completion of the audio segment.
You can use shorter or longer audio segments, and you can choose more accessible or more challenging material for this type of exercise.
6, Video
Another helpful resource for teaching English are video segments, including short sketches, news programs, documentary films, interview segments, and dramatic and comedic material. As with audio segments, select the portion and length of the video segment based on the skill level of your students. With your students, first watch the segment without any sound and discuss it together. Encourage the students to identify what they think will be the content of the segment. Then, watch the segment again, this time with sound, allowing students to take notes if helpful for their skill level. After the completion of the video segment, you can have students write a brief summary of the segment, or you can take time to discuss as a group how the segment compares with the students' expectations.
7, Test methods
Test is method of examining students‟ learning. Test„s purpose enhances learning quality and awareness activity of pupils actively. Test is also very important to estimate learning result.
Test result usually shows the weak, the strong, and the achievement in class. This information will help to adjust teaching methods of teachers and learning way of students by themselves in order to carry out right target of education.
The reality of education shows that test is also an important measure to promote the teaching. Test seems t be a measure to control and remind students that they must be try their best to learn.