Passive voice emphasizes the receiver of the actio- 123docz.net

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Mood

Moodis the form a verb takes to indicate the attitude of the person using the verb.

(1)The indicative moodis used to express a fact, an opinion, or a question.

(2)Theimperative moodis used to express a direct command or request.

(3)The subjunctive moodis used to express a suggestion, a necessity, a condition contrary to fact, or a wish.

EXERCISE In each of the following sentences, identify the mood of the verb by writing above it IND for indicative, IMPfor imperative,or SUBfor subjunctive.

Example 1. Do you enjoy compelling, realistic fiction?

1. If you were called a monster by a lawyer, how would you feel?

2. If the lawyer thought you had committed a crime, would people believe him?

3. Keep these questions in mind as you read Monster.

4. It is vital that sixteen-year-old Steve Harmon remain positive throughout his trial.

5. He is accused of playing a role in the fatal shooting of a convenience-store owner.

6. If I were in Steve’s place, I would certainly panic.

7. Listen to what Steve does to remain calm during the trial.

8. He is an aspiring filmmaker, and he chronicles the trial in movie script format.

9. I recommend that you try this practice when you are in a stressful situation.

10. Many people realize the therapeutic value of writing about problems.

11. Steve keeps a journal in which he records thoughts about his life before and after the murder.

12. The movie script and journal entries form the book that you read.

13. During certain portions of the book, some readers may think that Steve is guilty.

14. Other readers will be sure that Steve is innocent.

15. Christopher Myers, son of the author Walter Dean Myers, illustrated Monster.

16. If I were Christopher, I would be proud of working on such a project with my dad.

17. Consider the Michael L. Printz Award.

18. The Young Adult Library Services Association (YALSA) believes that outstanding books for teenagers should be honored.

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IND

Review A: The Principal Parts of Verbs

EXERCISEA One sentence in each of the following sets of sentences contains an error in verb form.

Draw a line through the error. Then, write the correct form of the verb above the error.

Example 1. [a]He has written a poem. [b]They have took a break. [c]It had burst.

1. [a]The lake had frozen over. [b]The sweater has shrunk. [c]I have rode that horse.

2. [a] He begun the fight. [b]Who bought it? [c]They swam well.

3. [a]They have stolen apples. [b]You had chosen well. [c]He has drove the tractor.

4. [a]It had broke. [b]He has bought shoes. [c]They had fallen.

5. [a] The bell rung. [b]The boy ran. [c]The teacher saw him.

6. [a]You drank it. [b]We drived there. [c]She ran fast.

7. [a] He stole it. [b]The bell rang. [c]She had spoke.

8. [a]We have wrote. [b]She has fallen. [c]It was frozen.

9. [a] You had given. [b]He has went. [c]They have taken.

10. [a] We had ridden. [b]It had begun. [c]He has chose.

EXERCISEB On the line provided, write the correct form (past or past participle) of the verb in parentheses.

Example 1. Has anyone ever _________ dancing lessons willingly? (begin)

11. I think that most people have _________ to their first dancing lessons unwillingly. (go) 12. I _________ a fit before going to my first dancing lesson. (throw)

13. It was my mother who _________ me there. (take)

14. I _________ from the very start that there was no use arguing about it. (see)

15. The woman who _________ the dancing school was one of my mother’s friends. (run) 16. She _________ over and welcomed us when we appeared for the first class. (come) 17. I _________ down in a corner and hoped no one would see me. (sit)

18. I stayed in my chair until an instructor had _________ to me firmly two or three times. (speak) 19. Soon she had _________ my hand and led me out on the floor. (take)

20. I _________ my best to follow the lesson, but I didn’t learn very fast. (do)

NAME CLASS DATE

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Review B: Troublesome Verbs and Tense

EXERCISEA Some of the following sentences contain errors in verb usage. Draw a line through each incorrect verb. Then, write the correct verb above the error. If a sentence is already correct, write Cto the left of the numeral.

Example 1. Ricardo sat his catcher’s mitt on the bench.

1. Those books have lain on the shelf for a long time.

2. By nine o’clock in the morning, the temperature had raised to ninety-five degrees.

3. A watchdog was laying at the front gate, ready to pounce on any unsuspecting stranger who might approach the house.

4. The man set in a comfortable chair near the fireplace.

5. After 6:00 P.M., the price of movie admission raises to eight dollars.

6. Before you leave, please straighten the newspapers that are laying all over the table.

7. Out of breath, the woman set the heavy package on the floor.

8. We rose the curtain to see if the sun had risen.

9. Having grown tired of wandering around the house, the sick child laid down to rest.

10. The lazy dog would just set there in its favorite spot for hours.

EXERCISEB The following passage contains needless changes in tense. Above each underlined verb, write the verb in the correct tense. If the tense is already correct, write C.

Example What [1]is the most embarrassing accident that you [2]will have?

I [11]had a curious accident one day last summer. Late one afternoon I [12]am riding my bicycle down a busy street when someone suddenly [13]opens the door of a parked car right in front of me. The bicycle [14]slammed into the car door, and I [15]am thrown into the front seat, right next to the driver. When I [16]realize that the driver [17]happens to be one of the science teachers from the high school, I [18]was overcome with embarrassment. Much to my surprise, however, the teacher [19]apologizes to me at length and [20]blames himself for being careless.

Do you think this incident proves that teachers know they make mistakes, too?

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C have had

Review C: Principal Parts, Tense, and Voice

EXERCISEA On the line provided, write the correct form (past or past participle) of the verb in parentheses.

Example 1. The small, yapping Chihuahua has nearly _________ me crazy. (drive) 1. After careful deliberation she _________ to run for office. (choose)

2. I am interested in reading the essay that you have _________. (write) 3. He had _________ the entire length of the pool. (swim)

4. My imagination had _________ away with me. (run) 5. Has the lake _________ over yet? (freeze)

EXERCISEB In the following sentences, cross out each verb that is in the wrong tense or that is in an awkward passive voice. Then, write a revision on the line provided. If a sentence is already correct, write Con the line.

Example 1. Although United States voters have never elected a female president, many women had risen to high government positions.

6. Katherine Davalos Ortega has worked in her family’s restaurant and other businesses when she was a small child.

7. She was told that being Hispanic might prevent her from getting a teaching position.

8. As a result, a business career was pursued by her instead.

9. By 1975, she will become the first woman president of a California bank.

10. Ms. Ortega, in recognition of her professional abilities, was nominated by President Reagan to be Treasurer of the United States.

NAME CLASS DATE

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Although United States voters have never elected a female president, many women have risen to high government positions.

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Review D: Modals and Mood

EXERCISEA In each of the following sentences, write an appropriate modal in the blank provided.

Choose your answer from the modals can, could, may, might, must, ought, shall, should, will,and would.

Example 1. Most kindergartners _______________ memorize their own phone number.

1. I _______________ have waved at you if I had seen you.

2. You and your friend _______________ borrow my car on Saturday.

3. I _______________ have spoken in his defense; unfortunately, I did not.

4. The substitute teacher _______________ be back tomorrow, but Ms. Raign will probably be feeling better.

5. Computer files _______________ be saved frequently to avoid loss in case of a crash.

6. No one _______________ go without a coat in the winter.

7. _______________ you tie the various knots taught in the Boy Scouts?

8. Tomorrow we _______________ find out who the winner is.

9. My doctor said I _______________ to eat vegetables every day.

10. When your photographs are developed, we _______________ call you.

EXERCISEB In each of the following sentences, identify the mood of the underlined verb by writing above it INDfor indicative, IMPfor imperative,or SUBfor subjunctive.

Example 1. Do you count objects when you cannot sleep?

11. Some people count sheep when they cannot sleep.

12. I think that clouds are more interesting to count.

13. Since I first saw them from an airplane window, clouds have fascinated me.

14. It is vital to my peace of mind that I watch clouds shifting shapes and traveling lazily across the sky.

15. Did you know that I have never seen two identical clouds?

16. Think of the shapes of clouds you have observed.

17. If I were a cloud, I would resemble misshapen cotton balls tossed at random into a pile.

18. Just as I do, you may wish you were as carefree as a cloud.

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NAME CLASS DATE

Adjective or Adverb?

If a word in the predicate modifies the subject of the verb, use the adjective form. If it modifies the verb, use the adverb form.

ADJECTIVE That music is quiet.[Quietfollows the linking verbisand modifies the subject music.]

ADVERB The band played quietly.[Quietlymodifies the verbplayed.]

While many adverbs end in –ly,others do not. Furthermore, some adjectives also end in –ly.

Some words can be used as both adjectives and adverbs.

ADVERBS I’ll call you later. Who finished first?

ADJECTIVES The unrulychildren are annoying. My firstchoice is Brahms.

EXERCISEA In each of the following sentences, draw an arrow from the underlined adjective or adverb to the word it modifies.

Example 1. She speaks only Dutch.

1. In European fairy tales, a dragon is usually bad.

2. Chinese dragons, however, are said to bring good fortune.

3. During the last Chinese New Year, a dragon moved slowly down the street.

4. I felt bad because I missed seeing the runner carrying the pearl of fire.

5. However, we all clapped loudly as we watched the parade.

EXERCISEB In each of the following sentences, label the underlined word ADJfor adjectiveor ADVfor adverb. Then, draw an arrow from the underlined word to the word it modifies.

Example 1. Ballet is a theatrical form of dance that first developed during the Renaissance.

6. Forms of dance contain recognizable elements.

7. The elements enable knowledgeable people to identify the type of dance.

8. A ballet usually includes the elements of music, costume, and scenery.

9. Anna Pavlova (1881–1931) was a famous ballerina from Russia.

10. Pavlova toured widely during her career.

11. In the 1910s and 1920s, the ballets of Sergei Diaghilev (1872–1929) were popular.

12. The productions of Diaghilev reflected a skillful collaboration between choreographer, designer, and composer.

13. Professionals are not the only ones who practice ballet.

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ADV

Phrases Used as Modifiers

Like one-word modifiers, phrases can also be used as adjectives and adverbs.

EXAMPLES A letter for Lauraarrived. [The prepositional phrase for Laura acts as an adjective that modifies the nounletter.]

Frozen solid,the sandwiches were not edible.[The participial phrase Frozen solid acts as an adjective that modifies the noun sandwiches.]

His statement was too far-fetched to believe entirely.[The infinitive phrase to believe entirelyacts as an adverb that modifies the adjectivefar-fetched.]

EXERCISEA In each of the following sentences, draw an arrow from the underlined phrase to the word it modifies.

Example 1. The hoarse voice did not sound like Rachel’s voice.

1. Now is not the time to play games.

2. Professor De La Rosa is writing instructions on the chalkboard.

3. Napping soundly, I did not hear the doorbell ring.

4. The answer to your question is yes.

5. When the streets are slick, drive with caution.

6. Sprinkled with pepper, the mashed potatoes tasted much better.

7. The sea churned too roughly for the windsurfers.

8. The wedding invitation, written in calligraphy, was unusual and quite beautiful.

9. “This is the document to encrypt with the new code,” said the military officer.

10. The fan, anchored to the ceiling, provided welcome relief from the heat.

EXERCISEB In each of the following sentences, label the underlined phrase ADJfor adjectiveor ADVfor adverb. Then, draw an arrow to the word the phrase modifies.

Example 1. One of my heroes is General Colin Powell.

11. Born in Harlem, Colin Powell is the son of Jamaican immigrants.

12. Powell’s parents taught him the value of hard work and education.

13. After graduating from college, Powell was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Army.

14. For heroic achievement in combat, he earned a Bronze Star Medal.

15. Suffering from his own wounds, he had led his battalion to safety.

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ADJ

NAME CLASS DATE

Clauses Used as Modifiers

Like words and phrases, clauses can also be used as adjectives and adverbs.

EXAMPLES The person whom you sawis Maggie. [The adjective clause whom you sawmodifies the noun person.]

I went outside after I cleaned my room. [The adverb clause after I cleaned my room modifies the verb went.]

EXERCISEA In each of the following sentences, draw an arrow from the underlined clause to the word it modifies. Then, label the clause by writing above it ADJfor adjectiveor ADVfor adverb.

Examples 1. The landscape architect whom the hotel hired is Petra.

2. Whenever I have a tough day, I jog at the track after school.

1. Before he bought a video from the Web site, Alfred checked other sites for a better price.

2. The game show contestant who won the grand prize was the woman from Montana.

3. The first comb that you should use on the horse is the wire currycomb.

4. Regis nibbled on fruit slices while Scott sipped apple juice.

5. Dale studies mathematics and science carefully because he wants to be an engineer.

EXERCISEB In each of the following sentences, underline the clause that is used as a modifier. Then, draw an arrow from the clause to the word it modifies.

Example 1. The novel that we are reading in English class is Animal Farm.

6. After I read Animal Farm,I became interested in the life of the author George Orwell.

7. George Orwell is the pen name that Eric Arthur Blair used.

8. Orwell was born to English parents who were living in Bengal, India.

9. Before he became a novelist, Orwell served in the Indian Imperial Police in Burma.

10. The country that is now called Myanmar was known as Burma then.

11. Orwell began writing essays, stories, and novels after he left Burma.

12. The poor who lived in Europe were the subject of Down and Out in Paris and London.

13. Another Orwell novel, which I read last year, is 1984.

14. When he wrote the essay “Shooting an Elephant,” Orwell included autobiographical material.

15. Before he died in 1950, Orwell had become famous and prosperous from his writing.

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ADJ ADV

Phrases and Clauses Used as Modifiers

Like one-word modifiers, phrases and clauses can also be used as adjectives and adverbs.

PHRASES The cheese dip for the vegetablesis in the refrigerator.

The players gathered at the volleyball net to choose teams.

CLAUSES My favorite color,which is chartreuse,is a shade of green.

The police questioned the suspect because his fingerprints were on the weapon.

EXERCISE In each of the following sentences, draw an arrow from the underlined phrase or clause to the word it modifies. Then, label the phrase or clause by writing above it ADJfor adjectiveor ADVfor adverb.

Example 1. After I read about the Children’s Crusade, I wrote a story about Nicholas.

1. During the summer of 1212, thousands of European children launched a religious crusade.

2. The children who formed the group were led by a French shepherd boy, Stephen.

3. In a vision, Stephen had received a letter from Jesus to deliver to the French king.

4. Journeying with the letter to the king, Stephen was joined by thousands of other children.

5. Some of the group decided to conquer the Holy Land, which was held by Muslims.

6. According to their plan, they would take the Holy Land with love, not violence.

7. Around thirty thousand children reached the French seaport Marseille before disaster struck.

8. Merchants who had offered them free transport to the Holy Land sold them as slaves in North Africa.

9. Inspired by Stephen’s crusade, a ten-year-old boy named Nicholas continued Stephen’s work.

10. In 1218, Nicholas, a German, began preaching about the Children’s Crusade of 1212.

11. The children whom he attracted as followers numbered around twenty thousand.

12. Their path to the Holy Land led through Italy, where they split into groups.

13. Many children died of starvation and disease.

14. Because they needed to cross the Mediterranean Sea, some children went to Genoa.

15. No ship’s captain was agreeable enough to allow them passage.

16. Traveling to Rome, some of the children encountered the pope, Innocent III.

17. Innocent III, who felt compassion toward the children, released them from their crusade vows.

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ADJ

ADV ADJ

ADV

NAME CLASS DATE

Bad and Badly/Good and Well

Badis an adjective. In most cases, badlyis an adverb.

ADJECTIVE The odor coming from my locker is bad.[Badmodifies the noun odor.]

ADVERB The locker badlyneeds a cleaning. [Badlymodifies the verbneeds.]

Goodis an adjective. It modifies nouns and pronouns but not verbs. Wellmay be used either as an adjective or as an adverb. As an adjective, wellhas two meanings: “in good health” and

“satisfactory.” As an adverb, wellmeans “capably.”

ADJECTIVE The team’s performance was good.[Goodmodifies the nounperformance.]

ADVERB Oksana played especially well.[Wellmodifies the verb played.]

EXERCISEA In each of the following sentences, underline the modifier in parentheses that is correct according to the rules of standard, formal English.

Example 1. He has been coughing (bad, badly)all morning.

1. The planks on this side of the bridge are (good, well), but the others are broken.

2. The piano was so out of tune that it sounded (bad, badly)even to me.

3. Katia draws so (good, well)that everyone is sure she will win the art contest.

4. I feel (bad, badly)when I don’t make good grades in my classes.

5. “All is (good, well),” the guard reported.

6. I spoke (bad, badly)in my first public speeches, but I have since gotten better.

7. My sister scored very (good, well)on the PSAT.

8. After several days of rest, I felt (good, well)enough for a short walk outdoors.

9. Without sunscreen, Duncan’s fair skin burns (bad, badly)in the sun.

10. The doctor was pleased to see her patient was finally (good, well).

EXERCISEB Most of the following sentences contain an error in the form of a modifier (bad, badly, good, or well). Underline each error, and write the correct form of the modifier above it. If a sentence is already correct, write Cafter it.

Example 1. I was amazed at how good Chuck danced.

11. With so much salt, the meatloaf tasted badly.

12. You did quite good on that pop quiz.

13. The child wasn’t well for several days after his trip overseas.

14. LaTanya speaks French good enough to get her ideas across.

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Passive voice emphasizes the receiver of the action