End Marks, p. 212 EXERCISEA
1. Did you have a good time in Sacramento?
2. A good breakfast is essential to a well-balanced diet.
3. Look out for that runaway horse!
4. What a ridiculous idea that is!
5. Some berries would taste good on that cereal.
EXERCISEB
6. Please put the hammer back where you found it.
7. What an extraordinary movie that was! 8. Will the plane arrive in Vienna on time?
9. Many of John Wayne’s best films were directed by John Ford.
10. Lana didn’t know why the new key wouldn’t work.
11. In England, the day after Christmas is known as Boxing Day.
12. Be careful.[or !] That’s an expensive piece of pottery.[or !]
13. Have you ever wondered why the sky turns green before a tornado ?
14. Oh!What a lovely bouquet of flowers.[or !]
15. Remy could scarcely believe what he was seeing.
Abbreviations A, p. 213 EXERCISE
1. the Reverend Burton Erickson 2. Representative John
Conyers
3. Senator Kay Bailey
4. General Colin L Powell
5. Rodney Johnson, Philosophiae Doctor 6. Doctor Martin
Luther King, Junior 7. John Kim, Medical
Doctor
8. Mister Stephen Pescecane 9. the novelist J G
Farrell
10. Colonel Conrad Kilgore
Abbreviations B, p. 214 EXERCISEA
1. Both of my parents are grad- uates of Michigan State University.
2. All stockbrokers are governed by the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission.
3. After high school, Claudia plans to enlist in the United States Navy.
4. Much good around the world has been done by the United Nations.
5. My uncle is an agent with the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
EXERCISEB
6. My mother was born near Springfield, Illinois.
7. We are moving to New York, New York, FBI
UN US [or USN]
SEC MSU
Col. Conrad Kilgore the novelist J.G. Farrell Mr. Stephen Pescecane John Kim, M.D. Dr. Martin Luther
King, Jr. Rodney Johnson, Ph.D.
Gen. Colin L. Powell
Sen. Kay Bailey Hutchison Rep. John Conyers
the Rev. Burton Erickson DEC
EXC IMP
DEC INT
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8. C
9. The poet T. S. Eliot was born in St. Louis, Missouri, but lived much of his life in London, England.
10. Maggio, Rosalie. The Dictionary of Bias-Free Usage: A Guide to Nondiscriminatory
Language. Phoenix, Ariz.: Oryx Press, 1991.
Abbreviations C, p. 215 EXERCISE
1. King John signed the Magna Carta in 1215AD.
2. The class starts promptly at 8:15 AM, so try to be on time.
3. Work began on the Parthenon in BC447.
4. The basement to the house needs to be dug 12 ft deep.
5. “Then, in the fourth century BC,” said the narrator, “Alexander the Great was born.”
6. There are traces of inhabitants at the site as early as 650AD, archaeologists say.
7. How many ft are there in a mile?
8. Sunday services are held at 7:00 AM, 9:00AM, and 6:00 PM.
9. The first invasions of the Anglo-Saxons may have occurred as early as the fifth cen- tury AD.
10. All entries in the contest must be submitted by Fri., Dec. 8, 2009, at one o’clock PM. Abbreviations Review, p. 216
EXERCISE
1. In 384B.C., the philosopher Aristotle was born.
2. The keynote speaker for the conference will give her address at 9:00 A.M.on October 28, 2001.
3. Doesn’t the water table start at a depth of 12 feet, 9 inches?
4. My grandmother lived for a long time at 1428 Rae Dell Avenue, Austin, Texas.
5. Please forward all mail to Michico Conroy, 1200 Michigan Ave.[or Avenue], Ann Arbor, MI 48104.
6. According to the dictionary, Chaucer may have been born in A.D.1340.
7. Mr.Walter R.Estlund comes from Minneapolis, Minnesota.
8. Now, add the following to the stew: 1 tea- spoon salt, 1 tablespoon basil, 6 ounces chicken broth.
9. The television set’s measurements are as follows: 26 inches wide, 18 inches deep, and 22 inches tall.
10. Martina Gonzalez, Ph.D., has recently been hired by OSHA.
Commas with Items in a Series, p. 217 EXERCISE
Optional commas are underlined.
1. Kanoa’s winning painting was of a scarlet rose,a yellow tulip,and a blue iris.
2. The main ingredient in Katya’s salad dress- ing is delicious,tangy blue cheese.
3. Dennis,Talia,and Giuseppe volunteered to rake the park. [If student interprets Dennis as a noun of direct address, then Dennis, Talia and Giuseppe volunteered to rake the park.]
4. The hurricane season brought hail,high winds,and thunderstorms to the coast.
5. C
6. She baked a loaf of bread,she made soup, and she cut up some fresh berries.
7. Randall’s jogging route took him around the lake,up a steep hill,and across an empty field.
8. I believe that large,old,colorful rug was woven by my grandmother.
9. The thick,black clouds gathering overhead threatened rain at any moment.
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A.D. 1215
447 B.C.
A.M.
feet
A.M.
A.D.
A.M. P.M.
P.M. Friday December
feet
A.D. 650
B.C.
10. C
11. The ship left harbor on a cool,clear evening.
12. C
13. We had to decide among the dog,the cat, and the marmoset.
14. He looked for his glasses on the kitchen counter,on his desk,and on the bedside table.
15. Some of my favorite Cajun foods include jambalaya,red beans and rice,and gumbo.
16. The damp gray mist crept over the moors as the moon rose.
17. The shortstop dashed forward,snatched up the ball,and hurled it toward first base.
18. The hiking trail wound up the hill,through the thicket,and alongside the waterfall.
19. The three books that make up The Lord of the Rings are The Fellowship of the Ring,The Two Towers,and The Return of the King.
20. C
Commas with Independent Clauses, p. 218 EXERCISE
1. Guillermo ordered two books from a cata- log,but they haven’t arrived yet.
2. Hank gave away the tickets,for he had made other plans and couldn’t go.
3. C
4. The play was received well by the audience,but the critics disliked it.
5. He refused to build a new fence,nor would he repair the old one.
6. The test was very difficult,yet everyone in the class passed it.
7. There was a long line in front of the theater, so we decided to go to a concert.
8. Are you going to the football game,or do you want to play squash?
9. C
10. The lake was calm,and the moon was a bright, yellow crescent.
11. We’ve tried all sorts of cat foods,yet Sparky is never satisfied.
12. C
13. Basia had not cleaned her room,nor had she started tidying the garage.
14. Ross missed the most spectacular meteor of the night,for he had his back turned at the time.
15. I don’t really like scary movies,but I’ll come with you anyway.
16. Suzanne brought some snacks to the party and her sister Rosalynne brought some punch.
17. Did you let the dog out this afternoon,or did he get out on his own?
18. C
19. My sister had not come home yet,so I decided to start dinner by myself.
20. I cannot list the encyclopedia in my bibliog- raphy,for I did not use it while writing my report.
Commas with Nonessential Clauses and Phrases, p. 219
EXERCISEA
1.She returned all the books that she had borrowed from the library.
2.All students trying out for the track team should be excellent runners.
3.Robert Frost,who taught at Harvard University,was a great poet.
4.The man leading the parade is the mayor of our town.
5.The Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution,which was adopted in 1920,granted women the right to vote.
6.Trucks carrying explosives were not E
N E N E E
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7.I believe you’ll like the chicken enchiladas,which are a specialty at this restaurant.
8.Our kitchen,recently remodeled,is the most comfortable room of all.
9.Sylvia studied the theater’s show times listed on page 8 of the news- paper.
10.Everyone who wants to have a successful garden must weed it regularly.
EXERCISEB
11. John,who was named after his father, decided to name his son something else.
12. Dermot,remembering his training,lifted the box with his knees and not with his back.
13. C [or students,who . . . o’clock,were]
14. The congresswoman,first elected to the House of Representatives in 1998,served for six years.
15. C
Commas with Introductory Elements, p. 220 EXERCISE
1. When I moved from Georgia to North Dakota,I learned what winter means!
2. Well,I want to read more about the candi- dates before I make my decision.
3. Walking through the museum,we saw many interesting exhibits.
4. At the end of The African Queen,Charlie and Rose get married.
5. Yes,I would be happy to give you a ride to the airport.
6. While mowing the lawn,Gigi found a small patch of forget-me-nots.
7. C
8. On a clear day in the early spring,flocks of migrating birds swept by.
9. Why,what a surprise to travel all the way to New York and meet a neighbor!
10. Whispering,Lars told her the secret ingre- dient in his spaghetti sauce.
11. Laughing,Jim put the magazine back on the table.
12. Well,let me think about that for a moment.
13. Of all the short stories in the anthology,my favorite is “A Rose for Emily” by William Faulkner.
14. While the audience was dazzled by the flash,the magician disappeared.
15. When the scarecrow said good-bye to Dorothy,Steve began to cry.
16. C
17. Sweating,the runner finished the race at the hottest part of the day.
18. Okay,let’s start the game.
19. Out of all the cats in the shelter,Jorge picked the orange tabby.
20. As her father looked on proudly,Celia took the gold medal for gymnastics.
Commas with Interrupters, p. 221 EXERCISE
1. Senator Schwartz,I believe,is the best can- didate for that office.
2. Elephants,the largest mammals in Africa, are now considered endangered.
3. Dorothea,tell me about your scholarship to Stanford University.
4. Ana is the only student in our school,in fact,who has ever lived in China.
5. I’d like to understand,Kris,your feelings that led to your decision.
6. C
7. Dr. Montero,the only pediatrician on the staff,has office hours today.
8. Only synthetic materials,she says,will be used in clothes of the future.
9. In Casablanca,for example,Humphrey Bogart delivers a startling performance.
10. I’d appreciate your prompt reply, Mr. Montgomery.
11. If I’ve told you once,Nicci,I’ve told you a thousand times, don’t slouch at the dinner table.
12. Do you know the car I mean,the red con- vertible with the silver hubcaps?
E E N N
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13. Accepting the award will be Emily James, the producer of the documentary.
14. C
15. Meanwhile,the train pulled into Waterloo Station.
16. M. R. James,not Henry James,wrote the ghost story “Casting the Runes.”
17. Dr. Livingston I presume?
18. C
19. The elephant,for instance,is native to both Africa and India.
20. Have you ever seen Paths of Glory,the anti- war film by Stanley Kubrick?
Using Commas, p. 222 EXERCISE
Optional commas are underlined.
1. Oh,have you seen my dog Wolfie?
2. Tonya,who read the book before I did, enjoyed it enormously.
3. Seth wanted to play in the band,but he couldn’t make it to rehearsal on Tuesday.
4. C
5. Clarence,by practicing all weekend,was able to play the song on the guitar on Monday.
6. The reflection off the water threw bright, quivering spots against the side of the boat.
7. Salon,the online magazine,did a story about the novelist E. L. Doctorow.
8. C
9. Gosh,you’ve really grown since I saw you last.
10. Have you ever seen 2001: A Space Odyssey, the film by Stanley Kubrick?
11. The batter knocked the dirt off her cleats,put on a helmet,and took a couple of swings.
12. Which towel do you want, the red one,the
13. C
14. The bright red car nosed carefully through the narrow,crowded street.
15. The dark,mysterious stranger loomed in the doorway.
16. Yes I think you could say I’m bored.
17. The actress who played Queen Elizabeth, Judi Dench,won an Academy Award.
18. C
19. My friend Barton McManus,Jr.,has a great recipe for curry.
20. Tom Hanks,Sylvester Stallone,and Gene Hackman have all done voices for animated films.
Conventional Uses of Commas, p. 223 EXERCISEA
1. On November 15,2006,the mayoral race was won by Herbert E. Thomas,Jr.
2. By Tuesday,February 29,2009,you must have your car inspected.
3. You can reach Kyle Forsyth,M.D.,at 243 First Street,Philadelphia,Pennsylvania 19002.
4. Sincerely yours,
Charlene Watson,DVM
5. My dentist, Susan Schwartz,D.D.S., gradu- ated from dental school in June 1999.
EXERCISEB May 31,2009 Dear Mr. Jackson,
On June 11,2009,I will finally graduate. I want to thank you for being such an inspiring, dedicated teacher. Your classes were always interesting, challenging, and enlightening. You always encouraged me to follow my dreams.
Thanks for writing such a terrific recommen- dation for me! Please plan on visiting me there next fall. My address will be 1255 Village Avenue,Springfield,Ohio 45501.
Sincerely,
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Commas: Review, p. 224 EXERCISE
Optional commas are underlined.
1. The tour guide handed out tickets,pro- grams,maps,and brochures.
2. Sally knew that she would succeed if she studied hard,read all the books,and attended class.
3. Sparks was a wet,cold,miserable,hungry dog by the time we got home.
4. They had fresh,cold orange juice at break- fast.
5. Colin called the twins,and I took care of all the other arrangements.
6. My sisters agreed with me,but I had a hard time convincing Uncle Stu.
7. Laszlo Neumann,who won the Nichols Prize last year,will perform at the Arts Center.
8. Austria’s capital is Vienna,which is well- known for its architecture and gracious lifestyle.
9. Wow,did you see that fly ball?
10. You will,I trust,pass on the message.
11. My new address is 45 Basil Road,Stony Brook,New York 11732.
12. On Monday,January 15,2009,the Bigelows’ new baby was born.
13. After lunch the Pasternaks’ new neighbors, the Botsteins,came over for coffee.
14. Portman Callow,Jr.,will be our new state representative.
15. Sure,I’ll come if you want me to.
16. The main language of Finland is Finnish, which is distantly related to Hungarian.
17. Lionel lives at 122 Main Street,Kyle,Texas 78664.
18. Didn’t Thaddeus Flatow,the famous mod- ern composer,write an opera called Maria Theresia?
19. Tim,please answer the phone.
20. The graduation ceremony will,of course, be held in College Hall.
Review A: End Marks and Abbreviations, p. 225 EXERCISEA
1. What’s the name of the woman with the dachshund?
2. Stop the car immediately![or .]
3. The helicopter descended as low as the treetops.
4. Be careful not to let the cat out when you open the door.
5. Look out!The ladder is falling![or .] 6. Come to dinner at our house tomorrow
night.
7. Do you remember where you left the keys to the cabinet?
8. Set the groceries on the counter.
9. May I offer a suggestion? 10. So, what do you think?
EXERCISEB
11. Representative Tataglia of New York serves on the oversight committee for NASA.
12. Mr.Tom S.Petersen, Jr., hails from Wheeling, West Virginia.
13. Please send my mail to 1124 Mile Rd., Big Rapids, MI 49307.
14. Dr.Wanda Jackson will attend the annual AMA convention this year.
15. The Roman Empire was established by the emperor Augustus in 27 B.C., and lasted until
it was divided in the fourth century A.D. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Review B: Commas, p. 226 EXERCISEA
Optional commas are underlined.
1. When the Spaniards arrived in South America,they found that most of the west- ern part of the continent was controlled by the Incas.
2. At the time of the Spanish conquest,the Inca empire extended as far north as Ecuador and as far south as Chile and Argentina.
3. The remains of the capital city of the Incas can be seen today at Cuzco,a city in south- ern Peru.
4. The Incas were excellent architects,engi- neers,and artisans.
5. Unlike the Aztecs and the Mayas,however, the Incas never developed a system of writing.
6. Their historical traditions were preserved in spoken form,not in written form.
7. C
8. These knotted strings,which were called quipu,served as an aid to the memory.
9. The Incas had no currency system,but they developed an ingenious method of collect- ing taxes.
10. All taxes were collected in the form of labor: farmwork on government lands, service in the military forces,or work on public construction projects.
EXERCISEB
Optional commas are underlined.
11. The Readers’ Guide is an index to magazine articles,stories,and poems.
12. Kelly and Jerome who are taking an advanced computer course,produced an
13. My uncle lives in Montgomery,the capital of Alabama.
14. When you fly cross-country,you can some- times pass the time by watching a movie.
15. C
16. Hoping for good weather,my parents planned a family picnic.
17. Did you know,Mr. Franklin,that Thomas has moved to Buffalo,New York?
18. I do not have the report ready today,but I hope to finish it by Friday.
19. People were involved in creating costumes, designing sets,and composing music.
20. Well,I didn’t know that you expected to be invited.
Review C: End Marks and Commas, p. 227 EXERCISE
Optional commas are underlined.
1. Smiling and bowing,the dancer took another curtain call.
2. Didn’t you answer the telephone, Tiffany? 3. We moved to Colorado on September 30,
1999.
4. I’m sorry,Rae, but I didn’t hear what you said.
5. Oh,you don’t have to tell me if you don’t want to.
6. The letter was addressed to Chane E.
Johnson,M.D.
7. In our school,classes regularly begin at 8:15A.M.
8. Last summer I did nothing for two months but swim,sail,and fish.
9. My,how cold it is!
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10. Her father has gone to Denver, Colorado, on a business trip.
11. The play was written by J. D. Tallchief,a junior.
12. My sister was born on January 25,1998, and I was born on May 22,1995.
13. Don’t you know where the bookstore is, Elvin?
14. Katrina, don’t sneak up on me like that! [or .]
15. Before the game was over,most of the players were covered with mud.
16. Margaret Mead,Ph.D., was a famous anthropologist.
17. We must be late,for the lights in the theater are dim.
18. On our team,players vote to choose the captain.
19. After our exciting raft trip down the rapids of the Colorado,we had many stories to share.
20. Smiling nervously,the children took their positions on stage.
21. Herbert E.Fiorello,Jr.,has an office on Sunset Boulevard.
22. Are you sure that the store is located on Tetra Avenue?
23. I’ll meet you on the corner of Fourteenth Street at 8:30 A.M.
24. Didn’t Dr. An Wang establish Wang Laboratories, Inc., in 1951?
25. We saw Harry Connick, Jr., perform at the benefit concert.
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Chapter 12: Punctuation, pp. 228 = 236
Semicolons A, p. 228 EXERCISE
1. David prefers classical music;I prefer blues.
2. Miguel wants to go on vacation this sum- mer;therefore, he is working after school to save money.
3. The rain started late last night;it is expect- ed to stop sometime this afternoon.
4. Gladys brought four apples to the barn;
however, her horse ate only three of them.
5. Li voted against the tax increase;she expressed her opinions at the town meeting.
6. The sailboat race began on time;unfortu- nately, the judges were late.
7. No one in the audience noticed the loud crash;it sounded like part of the movie.
8. The women wanted to play softball;the men decided to sit in the shade.
9. Liang is a moody person;he is often, for example, quiet and withdrawn.
10. The orchestra stopped playing;the dancers sat down.
11. Mrs. McDuff had longed for peace and quiet;she only got it when the neighbors moved.
12. Papa is eager to retire;his last day at work is next Friday.
13. The kids wanted to watch a video;the adults preferred to go outside.
14. Martha was always punctual;the rest of the class usually came in late.
15. Joel is not here today;therefore, we will have to postpone his birthday celebration.
16. Our terrier enjoys hiding things;those things sometimes include our shoes and socks.
17. Pierre did his best on the exam;his reward was the highest grade in the class.
18. The train rounded the curve at high speed;
the deer just barely got out of the way in time.
19. General Dupont remembers the day war was declared;he says he was in his parents’
kitchen.
20. Sergio Montale, the famous tenor, is singing tonight;all seats have been sold out for weeks.
Semicolons B, p. 229 EXERCISE
1. The tour will include stops in St. Petersburg, Russia, Kiev, Ukraine, Bucharest, Romania, Athens, Greece, and Cairo, Egypt.
2. In a surge of productivity, Jim watered the lawn, took out the trash, and swept the driveway, and his sister, Jenny, washed the car and the dog.
3. Ruth has relatives living in Jerusalem, Israel, London, England, and Rome, Italy.
4. The committee invited speeches from Maya Angelou, a poet, Amy Tan, a novelist, and Neil Simon, a playwright.
5. You may sign up for the seminar on
Wednesday, January 29, Friday, February 7, Monday, February 10, or Friday,
February 14.
6. The only people who came to the meeting were Jim, a writer, Mike, a car mechanic, Olivia, a dancer, and José, a computer pro- grammer.
7. Last Friday, at the very last minute, we handed in our papers, and according to the schedule, we should get our grades next month.
8. Our class is currently studying A Tale of Two Cities, the Dickens novel, The Fire Next Time, James Baldwin’s masterpiece, and The Chosen, Chaim Potok’s story about two Brooklyn boys.
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