III.1. Minimize impacts during the construction phase.
1/ Reduce dust pollution.
Control of emission for dust generated by combustion of internal combustion engines from transportation vehicles:
+ All vehicles and equipment must be inspected and registered at the Register of Quality in accordance with current regulations.
+ The construction contractor is required to provide a list of equipment that has been inspected and registered for the project owner.
+ Periodic maintenance of construction vehicles and equipment.
Diffuse dust control from construction activities: Collecting and transporting materials for bulldozing: Applying measures to prevent wind from fencing or watering.
Transportation trucks:
+ Cover sheet (effective control of 2%).
+ Water twice a day (effective control of 37%).
+ Clean the facilities and equipment before leaving the construction site.
2/ - Waste oil management during construction
Waste oil and grease arising from the maintenance and repair of vehicles, machinery and construction equipment are classified as hazardous waste according to Circular No. 12/2011 / TT-BTNMT with the code A3020 , Mă Basel Y8. Therefore, waste oil must be collected and managed appropriately.
Specifically, the measures to control the effects of grease are as follows:
+ Do not bury / burn / dispose of waste oil in the project area.
+ Restricting the repair of vehicles and machinery in the project area.
+ The maintenance area is temporarily located in an appropriate area and has a system for collecting grease from the maintenance process.
+ Waste oil is collected and stored in appropriate containers in the project area. Investors will sign contracts with companies and units with functions to collect and transport to process under Circular No. 12/2011 / TT-BTNMT.
3 / -. Collection and treatment of domestic waste
+ All household waste arising from the operation of the works shall be collected in containers with lids and contracted with the local collection units to collect daily.
+ In addition, construction contractors are responsible for collecting all waste within the site to ensure that no spontaneous defecation is generated in the responsible contractor area.
III.2. Minimize impacts during operation.
1 / Minimize impact due to solid waste
The hospital will fully and seriously implement its regulations on medical waste management, specifically as follows:
Regulate the color coding of medical waste + Yellow for contaminated waste.
+ Black for hazardous chemical waste and radioactive waste.
+ Blue for ordinary waste and small pressure vessels.
+ White for recycling waste.
Waste bags
+ Yellow and black bags must be made of PE or PP, not PVC.
+ Medical waste bags with a minimum thickness of 0.1mm, bag size suitable for the amount of waste generated, the maximum volume of the bag is 0.1 m3.
+ Outside the bag must have horizontal line at the level of 3/4 pocket and the words "not over this line".
Sharp waste containers
+ Sharp waste containers must be compatible with the final disposal method.
+ Shredded waste bins must meet the following standards:
o Hard and hard bottom not penetrated.
o Waterproof.
o suitable size.
o Easy to open lid.
o The mouth of the box is large enough to allow sharp objects to enter without using thrust.
o There is "only sharp waste" and there is a line marking 3/4 of the box and the words "do not exceed this mark".
o Yellow.
o Have a handle or a fixed system.
o When moving sharp objects inside do not spill out.
+ For medical facilities using syringes, needle and syringe cutting machines, sharp waste containers must be made of metal or hard plastic, reusable and must be part of the design. of the shredder, cut the needle.
+ For reusable plastic containers, reusable plastic containers must be cleaned and sterilized according to medical disinfection procedures. Plastic boxes after disinfection for reuse must have enough original features.
Waste bin
+ Must be made of high density plastic, thick and hard or metal with a lid covered by foot pedal. Containers with a capacity of 50 liters or more must have a wheel.
+ Yellow bins for collecting yellow waste bags and boxes.
+ Black bin for collecting black waste bags. For radioactive waste, the container must be made of metal.
+ Blue bin to collect the green waste bags.
+ White bins for collection of white waste bags.
+ The volume of barrel depends on the amount of waste generated, from 10 liters to 250 liters.
+ Outside the barrel, there must be a signal line at the level of 3/4 barrel and inscribe "not over this line".
Symbol of waste type:
The outer surface of the bag, the bin containing some types of hazardous waste and the waste for recycling must have a symbol indicating the appropriate type of waste (Appendix 3 to this Regulation):
+ Yellow bag or bin containing contaminated waste symbolized biological hazard.
+ Black bags containing toxic cytotoxic waste with "cytotoxic" signs.
+ Black bags containing radioactive waste containing radioactive substances and the words "radioactive waste"
+ Recycled white recyclable waste bin with recyclable waste icon.
+ Solid waste collection in health facilities
+ Location of waste bins.
o Each department or ward must specify the location of the medical waste bins for each kind of waste, where the waste is generated must have the corresponding collection bins.
o Where the waste bins are located, there should be guidance on how to sort and collect waste.
o Use waste containers in accordance with specified standards and must be cleaned daily.
o A clean waste collection bag must always be available at the place where waste is generated to replace the bag of the same type that has been collected and disposed of to the temporary storage facility of the health facility.
+ -Each type of waste shall be collected into collection devices according to the prescribed color codes and labeled or inscribed on the outside of the bags where the waste is generated.
+ Hazardous medical wastes must not be mixed in conventional waste. If accidentally putting hazardous medical waste into conventional waste, such waste mixture must be treated and destroyed like hazardous medical waste.
+ The amount of waste in each bag is only up to 3/4 bags, then tie the neck back.
+ Frequency of collection: The day-care worker or staff member is responsible for collecting hazardous medical waste and ordinary waste from the waste site to the waste facility of the faculty at least 1 times of the day and when needed.
+ High-risk wastes before being collected at the places where the wastes in the medical establishments are concentrated must be initially treated at the places where waste is generated.
Solid waste transportation in health facilities
+ The hazardous waste and ordinary waste generated at departments / sections must be transported separately to the medical facility at least once a day and when necessary.
+ The medical establishment shall specify the transportation route and the time of transportation of the waste. Avoid transporting waste through patient care and other clean areas.
+ Waste bags must be tightly closed and transported by specialized vehicles. Do not drop, dispose of wastes, wastewater and odor during transport.
Solid waste storage in health facilities
+ Hazardous medical wastes and ordinary wastes must be kept in separate chambers.
+ Waste for re-use and recycling must be kept separately.
+ Waste storage places at medical establishments must fully meet the following conditions:
- A minimum of 10 meters away from the canteen, chambers, public aisles and crowded areas.
- There is a way for vehicles to transport waste from outside.
- The tailings store must have a roof, a fence, a door and a lock. No animals, rodents and non-intrusive people.
- Area appropriate to the amount of waste generated by health facilities.
- There are hand washing facilities, staff protection equipment, tools and cleaning chemicals.
- Sewer system, wall and waterproofing, good ventilation.
- Encourage health care facilities to store waste in a cold storage facility.
- Storage time of hazardous medical waste at medical facility.
- The storage time of waste in medical facilities is not more than 48 hours.
- Storage of waste in the cold storage or cold storage: the storage time can be up to 72 hours.
- Surgical waste must be buried or destroyed daily.
- For medical establishments with less than 5 kg of hazardous waste, the collection time is at least twice a week.
2 / Minimize impact due to wastewater
The hospital waste treatment process is shown in Figure 1. With this treatment technology, the hospital wastewater will meet current standards. Waste water discharged into the public sewage system is controlled according to QCVN 28: 2010 / BTNMT - Medical wastewater.
IV. Conclussion
Formation of the project from the construction stage to the stage of putting the project into use more or less also affect the regional environment. But the project will analyze the sources of pollution and propose measures to minimize negative impacts, ensuring the quality of the production environment and surrounding environment in the project area is healthy and airy. and confirmed that the project is environmentally feasible.