The fact that there have been a limited number of studies on silence in English classroom interaction in Vietnam offers other researchers a large room to conduct further studies. For instance, a study on Vietnamese teachers‟ silence or their ways of using silence, on students‟ perceptions of teachers‟ using silence or on comparing students‟ silence of all levels might be undertaken with a wider range of participants in Vietnam.
Focusing more on students‟ silence, further research might concentrate on ways to recognize positive and negative silence of learners in class. Moreover, it is recommended for future researchers to conduct research on how to encourage positive silence and avoid possible factors that prohibit students from orally participating in classroom interaction in Vietnam.
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APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1: OBSERVATION CONSENT FORM
This is hereby certified that
My name is ____________________________________,
Currently a lecturer at __________________________________, voluntarily accept the request of Ms. Pham Thi Ngoc Thanh to observe and video record my English lessons for the purpose of getting data for a research entitled: Exploring non-English major students’ and teachers’ perceptions of silence in tertiary EFL classrooms in Vietnam”.
I understand that:
All of my personal information and my students‟ will be confidentially kept.
The data from observation and video recording will only be used for research purposes.
My identity and my students‟ will be coded during the data analysis process.
My option for video-recording my lesson is:
□ Agree □ Disagree
Hai Phong, ……/……/……
Signature
APPENDIX 2: INTERVIEW CONSENT FORM
This is hereby certified that
My name is ____________________________________,
Currently a ________ at _____________________________, voluntarily accept the invitation to participate in the research entitled: “Exploring non-English major students’ and teachers’ perceptions of silence in tertiary EFL classrooms in Vietnam”
conducted by Ms. Pham Thi Ngoc Thanh from Faculty of Foreign Studies.
I understand that:
All of my personal information is confidentially kept.
The result of this interview is only used for research purposes.
My identity will be coded during the data analysis process.
My option for recording the interview is:
□ Agree □ Disagree
Hai Phong, ……/……/……
Signature
APPENDIX 3: OBSERVATION SCHEME
Teacher: ……….. Class: ……….. Date: ………..
Room: ……….. Lesson: ……….. Observation time: …. - ….
Time Activity Teacher (verbal, non- verbal behaviours)
Students (seat, behaviours, responses/reactions…)
Notes
APPENDIX 4: RETROSPECTIVE INTERVIEW SCHEME (TEACHER) Teacher: ……….. Class: ……….. Interview date: ………
Lesson observed: ………
Questions for teacher:
1. “What were you thinking here/at that point?”
2. “Can you tell me what you were thinking when you looked at that student?”
3. “Do you remember what you were thinking when that student/the class did not respond to your questions?”
Time on video
Question
(1/2/3) Notes for teacher’s answers Further questions – teacher’s answer
APPENDIX 5: RETROSPECTIVE INTERVIEW SCHEME (STUDENT) Student: ……….. Class: ……….. Interview date: ………