Speaking skills are essential in both professional and personal setting, in both public and private sectors. Speaking helps us communicate with each other more easily and less misunderstanding. Burn- Joyce (1997: 15) says that speaking is more than just a way or making conversation. Conversation can be defined as the informal interchange of thoughts and information by spoken words. Therefore, speaking skill is always considered as the most effective means of communication.
According to Penny Ur (1995: 120), speaking seems intuitively the most important and people who know a language are referred to as speakers of that language as if speaking includes all other kinds of knowing,
Firstly, speaking skills contribute an important part to impose other students‟
skills such as listening, reading and writing as well as makes them better at communication. It is clear that speaking involves responding to what has been heard. Good speaking also means that the speakers have a large volume of both theoretical and social knowledge, which will help them more confident and better at reading and writing. In other words, when speaking skill is in progress, other skills also become better.
Secondly, good speaking is said to be a good source of motivation for students. It helps them use the language appropriately and flexibly an every day communication.
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According to Harmer (1998: 8) also says that whatever kind of motivation students have, it is clear that highly motivated students do better than ones without any motivation at all. Another reason to say speaking is a huge source of motivation is that it can help students express their ideas naturally and rapidly. In addition, through speaking students may realize how much language they have mastered and how they have used it. From that, they will study harder to improve their language competence.
Thirdly, thanks to students speaking, teacher can get feedback from students fast and exactly. Through students‟ speaking activities in class and outside class, the teacher can know how much students understand the lesson, Therefore, she can know what their weak and strong points are in language to have suitable solutions and plans.
In conclusion, speaking skill plays a significant in teaching and learning a foreign language. That is the reason why speaking skill should be taught and practiced in the language classroom..
1.1.2 Elements of speaking skills
Harmer (1999:269-270), presents three elements for oral production as the following:
Connected speed: effective speakers of English need to be able not only to produce the individual phonemes of English but also to use fluent “connected speed”. In connected speed, sounds are modified (assimilation), omitted (elision), added (linking), and weakened (through contractions and stress patterning)
Expressive devices: The use of these devices contributes to the ability to convey meanings. They allow the extra expression of emotion and intensity.
Students should be able to deploy at least some of such suprasegmental features and devices in the same way if we are to be able fully effective communicators.
Lexis and grammar: spontaneous speech is marked by the use of a number of common lexical phrases, especially in the performance of certain language
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functions. Therefore, teachers should apply a variety of phrases for different functions such as agreeing or disagreeing, expressing surprise, shock, or approval.
Negotiation language: effective speaking benefits from the negotiator language we use to seek clarification and to show the structure of what we are saying. We often need to “ask for clarification” when we are listening to someone else talk.
In conclusion, all this brings up important points that are useful to the teaching and learning speaking skill
1.2 Group work in a speaking lesson