Although the research gets some specific results, it still has some limitations. Firstly, it is conducted only in a small scale, which focuses on fifty students in the class CDDI22A2 at UNETI, so the data cannot reflect the levels of all students at UNETI. Besides, the research is only concentrated on using situational contexts in teaching grammar, so it also does not cover other techniques and methods in grammar teaching. Secondly, the study basically bases on observation and results of the test, which might be subjective on the side of the informants, so the reliability of the collected data may not be guaranteed.
43
As a result of the limitations above, I hope that the next researchers who share the same interest in situational context should have a larger scale with more participants and tests.
In addition, grammar mistakes should also be analyzed and discussed more specifically.
At the same time, the next researcher should also cover using situational context in teaching grammar among students at different levels, not only first-year students.
44
REFERENCES
1. Batstone, R. (1994). Grammar. Oxford: Oxford UP.
2. Burns, A., 1999, Collaborative Action Research for English Language Teachers, Cambridge: University Press.
3. Finocchiaro, M. (1983). The Functional-notional Approach: From Theory to Practice. New York: Oxford University Press.
4. Goner, Phillips & Walters, 1995. Teaching Practice handbook: Structures, Grammar and Function. Heinemann.
5. Hong, N.T.P., (2012). An investigation into teaching grammar in context for first-year non-English major students at Chu Van An University. = Nghiên cứu việc dạy ngữ pháp theo ngữ cảnh cho đối tượng sinh viên năm thứ nhất không chuyên Tiếng Anh trường Đại học Chu Văn An. M.A Thesis Linguistics: 60 14 10
6. Huong, T. L., (2008). Using communicative activities to support grammar teaching for large multilevel classes at electric power university. MA Minor Thesis.
7. Hymes, D. (1972). On communicative competence. UK: Penguin.
8. Kemmis, S., & McTaggart, R. (1988a).The action research planner (3rd ed.). Geelong, Australia: Deakin University Press.
9. Larsen-Freeman, Diane, (2003). Teaching Language: From Grammar to Grammaring.
Thomson/Heinle Publishing Company.
10. Longman, P. (2009). The Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (New Edition). Longman Publisher.
11. Ludescher, F. (2004). How to teach grammar. Retrieved on March 6 2004 from http://www2.vobs.at/ludescher/.
12. Ming-jun, (2008). Principle approaches of grammar instruction. US-China Foreign Language, ISSN 1539-8080, USA. Vol. 6, No. 11.
13. Mc Donough, S. Mc Donough, Research methods for English language teachers, Arnold, Delh, 1997
14. Amin, Y. N., (2009). The Effectiveness of Teaching Grammar in Context to Reduce Students' Grammatical Errors in Writing. Thesis. English Education Department,
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Graduate Program of State University of Malang. Advisors: (I) A. Effendi Kadarisman, M.A., Ph.D., (II) Dr. Nur Mukminatien, M.Pd.
15. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. Oxford University Press.
16. Olswang, 2010. Situational context. SPHSC 308.
17. Richards, J. C. (2010). Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics.
Pearson Education.
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19. Rivers, Wilga, M. & Temperley, Mary. S. (1978). A Practical Guide to the Teaching of English as a Second or Foreign Language. Oxford University Press.
20. Savitri, M. (2009). Teaching English as a Second Language using Communicative Language Teaching – An Evaluation Practice in India. Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow. Vol. 9, Oct. 10th, ISSN 1930-2940.
21. Thuy, L. T. T., (2008). The application of games in teaching grammar with reference to Tieng Anh 10 textbook at Ha Trung high school, Thanh Hoa Province.
22. Tsui,A.B.(1993). Helping Teachers to Conduct Action Research in their classrooms.
In D. Freeman,with S.Cornwell(Eds). New Ways in Teacher Education. Alexandria. VA:
TESOL
23. Ur, Penny. 1988. Grammar practice activities: A practical guide for teachers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
24. Wang, F. (2010). The Necessity of Grammar Teaching. From English Language Teaching. Vol. 3, No. 2, June 2010.
25. Widodo, H.P. (2006). Approaches and Procedures for Teaching Grammar. English Teaching: Practice and Critique. May 2006, Volume 5, Number 1.
26. Zhang, Z.D. (1999). Foreign language teaching methodology. Beijing: Science Press.
27. Nunan, D. (1992) Research Methods in Language Learning. Cambridge: CUP
I
APPENDICES APPENDIX 1
Test 1 (modal verbs of obligation and permission)
Exercise 1: Fill in the blank with must or should.
1. We've been so busy lately! We ____ hire a new sales assistant.
2. You think I'm going to buy that? You ____ be joking.
3. I was stupid to buy that ring. I ____ have realized it was a fake.
4. It was a mistake to hire that thief. The manager ____ be feeling terrible right now.
5. I know I ____n't buy this shirt, but I'm going to.
Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with have to, must, and mustn’t 1. Yesterday I …………. finish my Geography project.
2. She will ………….to wait in line like everyone else.
3. All employees ………….be on time for work.
4. We …………. forget to take the chicken out of the freezer.
5. If you are under 13 you ………….to get your parents' permission.
6. Your daughter …………. try on a few different sizes.
7. The doctor …………. get here as soon as he can.
8. Do you ………….work next weekend?
9. Bicyclists ………….remember to signal when they turn.
10. Angela, you …………. leave your clothes all over the floor like this
II
APPENDIX 2
Key to test 1 (modal verbs of obligation and permission)
Exercise 1: Fill in the blank with must or should.
1. must 2. must 3. should 4. must 5. should
Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with have to, must, and mustn’t 1. had to
2. have to 3. must 4. mustn‟t 5. have
6. have to 7. must 8. have to 9. must 10. mustn‟t
III APPENDIX 3
Test 2: Future form (going to and will)
Fill in the blanks with going to or will
1. I feel really tired. I think I ………go to bed.
2. Where are you going? I ………visit a customer.
3. Do you want me to help you? No, thanks. John ………help me.
4. Would you prefer tea or coffee? I………have some coffee, please.
5. Would you like to come to my house for dinner and talk about this? Good idea. I
………bring some wine.
6. A: What are your plans for next week?
B: I ………visit my parents for a few days and then go walking in Scotland.
7. A; What are you plans for the holidays?
B: I ………visit my parents for a few days and then go walking in Scotland.
8. A; Why are you wearing your bet suit?
B: I ………have lunch with my biggest customer.
9. Do you want to have chicken or beef? I think I ………have the beef.
10. A: My head hurts.
B; Sit down and I ………get you an aspirin.
11. A: We need some more ink for the printer.
B: I ………go to the shop and get some.
12. A: Look! There‟s smoke coming out of the photocopier.
B: You turn it off and I ………phone the safety officer.
13. A: I can‟t see how to use this spreadsheet.
B: Don‟t worry. I ………help you.
14. I need to speak to you today. I‟m going out now, but I ………be back later.
15. A: Did you phone Micheal?
B: I‟m sorry. I completely forgot. I ………do it now.
16. A: Can you help me with this? I don‟t understand.
B: I ………give you a hand as soon as I‟ve finished this.
IV
17. That‟s much too heavy for one person. I ………give you a hand.
18. A: Could somebody answer the phone?
B; I ………get it.
19. A: It‟s really hot in here.
B: I ………put on the air-conditioner.
20. There are many dark clouds in the sky. It ………rain today.
V
APPENDIX 4
Key to test 2: Future form (going to and will)
Fill in the blanks with going to or will 1. Will
2. Am going to 3. Is going to 4. Will 5. Will
6. Am going to 7. Am going to 8. Am going to 9. Will
10. Will 11. Will 12. Will 13. Will 14. Will 15. Will 16. Will 17. Will 18. Will 19. Will 20. Is going to
VI APPENDIX 5
Test 3 (Asking and giving road directions)
Exercise 1: Fill in the words below correctly.
continue, end, excuse, get, left (2x), next, opposite, right, second, straight on, thank, turn, welcome
1. ………..me, how do I ……….. to the cinema?
2. Go ………..
3. Turn ……….. at the corner.
4. Then take the………..road on your ………..
5. ………..to the ………..of the road.
6. ………..left there.
7. The cinema is on your ……….., ……….. the castle.
8. ………..you very much.
9. You‟re ………
Exercise 2: Choose the most appropriate answer.
1. Excuse me! ……….is the post office, please?
a. how b. what c. when d. where
2. Could you tell me ………. to get to the History Museum, please?
a. how b. what c. when d. where
3. Can you tell me where ………., please?
a. is the bank b. the bank c. the bank is d. there a bank 4. Would you mind ……….me some directions, please?
a. explaining b. giving c/ helping d. offering 5. I am ……….for the new children's library.
a. asking b. finding c. looking d. trying
6. Walk two blocks and turn left………. . a. around the bank b. at the traffic light
VII
c. in the corner d. into a large hotel
7. Go ……….the flower shop, the drugstore, and the supermarket.
a. across b. behind c. opposite d. past
8. The library will be on your left. It's a large red-brick building. You can't ………….it.
a. find b. forget c. miss d. see
9. Could you tell me where ……….some souvenirs, please?
a. can I buy b. could I buy c. I can buy d. should I buy
10. There are several souvenir shops on Apple Street, about three blocks ………..
a. away from b. from here c. near here d. not far
VIII APPENDIX 6
Key to test 3 (Asking and giving road directions) Exercise 1: Fill in the words below correctly.
1. Excuse / get 2. Straight 3. Left
4. Second/ left 5. Continue/ end 6. Turn
7. Right/ opposite 8. Thank
9. Welcome
Exercise 2: Choose the most appropriate answer 1. A
2. A 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. C 9. C 10. B
IX APPENDIX 7
Test 4 (Making suggestions with let’s go, why don’t you, what about…)
Exercise 1: Choose the best answer
1. Hi Lee! …..………….to the beach tomorrow.
a. What about go b. Let‟s go c. to go
2. No. …..………….going the beach tomorrow. It‟s going to be too cold.
a. What about b. Let‟s go c. to go 3. Then why …..………….go to the movies?
a. don‟t we b. doesn‟t we c. we go
4. Good idea, Sam! ……….invite Mark to go with us.
a. Let‟s to b. Let‟s c. Why doesn‟t you
5. Hi Mark. We‟re going to the movies tomorrow. Why ……….come with us?
a. don‟t we b. doesn‟t he c. don‟t you
6. The movies? No, I don‟t want to go to the movies. ………..to a baseball game.
a. Let‟s go b. Let‟s to go c. Let‟s going
7. A baseball game sounds fun! Hey Mark, since you live near the baseball stadium, why
……….. pick up the tickets for us? We'll pay you back tomorrow.
a. don‟t you b. doesn‟t he c. let‟s
8. Well, okay, but you have to pay me back. Why………. get tickets as close to the players as possible?
a. don‟t they b. don‟t we c. doesn‟t he
9. Near the players? No, that's too expensive. ……… buy expensive tickets. We can sit farther away. It's cheaper.
a. Let‟s not b. Let‟s c. Why not
10. I agree with Lee. ………….. sit in cheaper seats at the baseball game.
a. Let‟s not b. Why don‟t we c. Let‟s
X
Exercise 2: Find the mistakes in the following sentences and correct them 1. Why do you come swimming with us?
2. Let‟s to meet us at outside the station.
3. What about have a party on Saturday?
4. Why don‟t we to go to the cinema tomorrow?
5. I‟m bored. Let‟s we go to the park.
XI APPENDIX 8
Key to test 4 (Making suggestions with let’s go, why don’t you, what about…)
Exercise 1: Choose the best answer 1. B
2. A 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. A 8. B 9. A 10. C
Exercise 2: Find the mistakes in the following sentences and correct them 1. Do don‟t
2. To omit it 3. Have having 4. To go go 5. We omit it
XII APPENDIX 9
Test 5: Present perfect Continuous (I have been Ving)
Exercise 1: Put the verbs into the correct form (present perfect progressive).
1. He (work) ………. in this company since 1985.
2. I (wait) ……….for you since two o'clock.
3. Mary (live) ……….in Germany since 1992.
4. Why is he so tired? He (play) ……… tennis for five hours.
5. How long (learn / you) ………..English?
6. We (look for) ………the motorway for more than an hour.
7. I (live) ……….without electricity for two weeks.
8. The film (run / not) ………..for ten minutes yet, but there's a commercial break already.
9. How long (work / she) ………in the garden?
10. She (not / be) ……….in the garden for more than an hour.
Exercise 2: Choose the correct answer 1. I‟m very hungry. I ……….all day.
a. Didn‟t eat b. haven‟t ate c. haven‟t been eating d. have been eating 2. Their new kitchen looks fantastic. They …………..completely……….it.
a. Have …..beeen redecorating b. have …….redecorated b. Already ….redecorated d. didn‟t ….redecorated 3. Our kitchen‟s a mess. We ……….any cleaning for weeks.
a. Didn‟t do b. haven‟t been doing c. have done d. have been doing 4. I think they are dating. They ………..a lot of each other recently.
a. Had seen b. haven‟t been seeing c. have been seeing d. haven‟t seen 5. We‟ve discovered this café and we ………there a lot.
a. Have been going b. are going c. have went d. have gone
XIII APPENDIX 10
Key to test 5: Present perfect Continuous (I have been Ving)
Exercise 1: Put the verbs into the correct form (present perfect progressive).
1. Has been working 2. Have been waiting 3. Has been living 4. Has been playing
5. Have you been learning 6. Have been looking for 7. Have been living 8. Has not been running 9. Has she been working 10. Has not been
Exercise 2: Choose the correct answer 1. C
2. A 3. B 4. C 5. A
XIV APPENDIX 11
Test 6 (Quantity expressions)
Exercise 1: Complete the sentences with ¨a¨ / ¨an¨, ¨some¨ or ¨any¨
1. I want ___________ juice.
2. There´s ___________ meat in the dish.
3. Has she got ___________ map?
4. Have you got ___________ money?
5. He needs ___________ snack.
6. It´s ___________ Italian pizza.
7. We use ___________ in negative sentences and questions in all nouns.
8. We use ___________ in affirmative sentences with all nouns.
9. We use ___________ , ___________ or numbers with countable nouns.
10. There are ___________ mosquitoes in my bedroom.
11. There wasn´t ___________ litter on the beach.
12. There are ___________ sandwiches on my party.
13. She eats ___________ bananas for breakfast.
14. She drinks ___________ milk with her cereal.
15. Can I have ___________ cookies?
Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with Much¨, ¨many¨ or ¨a lot of¨
1. Your friend has got _____________ brothers.
2. There are _____________ children in his family.
3. She doesn´t drink _____________ milk.
4. How _____________ is a CD?
5. There are _____________ people in the room now.
6. Eva has got _____________ homework.
7. How _____________ lemons are there in the box?
8. How _____________ does that cake cost?
XV 9. There are _____________ eggs in the box.
10. How _____________ juice is there?
11. Those jeans costs _____________ money.
12. How _____________ fruit do you eat every day?
13. I´ve got _____________ sandwiches in my schoolbag.
14. We are selling _____________ hamburgers.
15. There are _____________ books on the shelf.
XVI APPENDIX 12
Key to test 6 (Quantity expressions)
Exercise 1: Complete the sentences with ¨a¨ / ¨an¨, ¨some¨ or ¨any¨
1. I want some juice.
2. There´s some meat in the dish.
3. Has she got a map?
4. Have you got any money?
5. He needs a snack.
6. It´s an Italian pizza.
7. We use any in negative sentences and questions in all nouns.
8. We use some in affirmative sentences with all nouns.
9. We use a , an or numbers with countable nouns.
10. There are some mosquitoes in my bedroom.
11. There wasn´t any litter on the beach.
12. There are some sandwiches on my party.
13. She eats some bananas for breakfast.
14. She drinks some milk with her cereal.
15. Can I have some cookies?
Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with Much¨, ¨many¨ or ¨a lot of¨
1. Your friend has got many brothers.
2. There are many children in his family.
3. She doesn´t drink a lot of milk.
4. How much is a CD?
5. There are a lot of people in the room now.
6. Eva has got a lot of homework.
7. How many lemons are there in the box?
8. How much does that cake cost?
9. There are many eggs in the box.
XVII 10. How much juice is there?
11. Those jeans costs a lot of money.
12. How much fruit do you eat every day?
13. I´ve got some sandwiches in my schoolbag.
14. We are selling a lot of hamburgers.
15. There are many books on the shelf.