It is suggested that further work be done in the same field should firstly, extend the scope of the study. For example, more subjects should be studied, and non-verbal communication should be examined during the teaching- learning process since the body language could carry more implications.
Besides, teacher’s politeness strategy in criticizing student’s oral assignments (e.g. presentation or debate) is worth investigating since criticism is considered one of the most face-threatening speech acts (Nguyen, 2014). Secondly, when it comes to teacher-student interaction in EFL classroom, other researchers should employ a multidimensional approach rather than solely depend on Brown and Levinson’s politeness theory for the data analysis process. In so doing, a more precise analysis could be drawn. Thirdly, to gain more substantial anecdotal evidence from the participants, other researchers should employ retrospective interview, which would be carried out right after each observation.
78
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I
APPENDICES APPENDIX 1
TRANSCRIPTION OF TEACHER’S UTTERANCES The first observation
T: Hi guys, today we’re learning…
T: Can you open the textbook and turn to page 20 for listening section T: Now can you look at the picture on the slide?
T: Any new words Ss: silent
T: Now now picture number 1, is there any new word?
Ss: silent
T: How about the title of the picture Ss: (answered softly) Massive
T: Sorry?
Ss: Massive (more loudly)
T: Now guys, we have “massive”, and this is an adjective, verb or noun?
Ss: (altogether) Adjective
T: Yeah, so this is the adjective to describe…?
Ss: place, land,
T: Okay, now, so look at hints on the picture, ok, so can you guess what does the word massive means
Ss: very big
T: very big. Okay. So it’s an adjective to describe something very big, right?
T: Now: any other new words?
Ss: tortoise (say softly)
T: Ah, this one right? So in Vietnamese it refers to a kind of animal Ss: turtle
II
T: Ah… but it has… And how do you pronounce this?
Ss: say sth
T: so the stress is on the 2nd or the 1st syllable?
Ss: the 1st
T: Yes, this is on the first one
T: Alright. No more new words. No more right?
T: So let’s move on to the 2nd picture.
T: Any new word?
Ss: rustic.
T: Ah, this is used to describe this (pointing at the cottage)… So this is an adjective, verb, or noun?
Ss: Adjective
T: Yeah. An adjective to describe something…?
Ss: Old (Ss responded with single word) T: No (laugh)
Ss: (laugh)
T: I don’t think it’s the ancient house. Btw, I did hear the word Ss: Simple?
T: Simple, it is. Simple.
T: and when you look at these, can you guess what are the places …
T: So today we’re going to listen to… and you have to practice to 2 subskills.
Now I’m going to play the recording for the first time and what you have to do is to…
Ss (listen attentively)
T: Can you help me to listen and decide
T: Now guys, before we listen, think of an adjective drescribing your feeling when you enjoy sth?
III
Ss: delight?
T: Okay, so first of all you might use “delighted”. Okay, any other?
Ss: interested
T: Ah it could be interested in, yes. Any other?
Ss: keen on
T: keen on, right.
T: Now, my question is how about some adjectives to describe your feeling or things?
Ss: wonderful, outstanding T: yeah. It could be.
Ss: breathtaking (softly) T: Uhm, sorry?
Ss: breathtaking (more loudly) T: Ah yeah, breathtaking
T: Excuse me, any others.
Ss: Cool
T: Ok. Now, let’s move on to the listening. Try to listen to phrases, adj to describe places and feelings, ok.
Ss: (silent)
T: Am I making myself understood?
Ss: Yes
T: Now, listen and take note. And all you need to do is listening for phrases the describe the speakers’ feeling about the trip.
[listening time]
T: ok, so did he enjoy the trip?
Ss: yesss
T: Okay, give me some evidence
IV
Ss: he says that it’s a fantastic place
T: yep. We have fantastic right? Any others?
Ss: excited
T: excited. Anyone heard “excited ” – Ss: hơi bé ạ
T: hơi bé đúng không?
T: Now guys, do you need 2nd time?
Ss: Yess
T: okay, for this time, there’s no need to listen for details. All you need to do, again is listen for feeling.
[listening time]
T: So for this time, how did she enjoy the trip?
Ss:
T: any other evidence?
Ss:
T: Excuse me S:
T: Yep, we did have this but unfortunately
Oh sorry, I opened the wrong recording (speak softly, smile) Okay, we’re gonna listen again
V
The second observation, February 2019
T: Hello everyone. Let’s get back to our lesson.
T: Let’s look through the sentences and find the key words.
T: Now, no1 key word is… Yep T: No 2 guys … Excellent
T: And now, Are you ready to listen?
Ss: Yes
T: Now listen.
[listening time]
T: Have you all got the answer?
Ss: not yet
T: okay, now I’ll play part by part T: Here we go
[T plays part by part]
T: now, let’s check. Number 1 – True or False?
Ss: True T: Good.
T: Now number 2, everyone, True of False? And if it is false how can you correct the information?
No 3 and 4
No 3 first, T or F? Now guys.
S
T: Yep, so which color should it be?
S:
T: Yep. Ok it is
…
T: How do you spell this? What does it mean
VI
S:
T: Yeah. That’s correct
…
Now, no 5. Why did you choose T? What did you hear in the recording?
Yeah. It is.
…
Okay, how do you spell it for me?
S:
T: ờ để cô check lại
…
T: Guys, I didn’t hear […] in the recording.
Why do you think the speaker…?
…
T: Now guys, let’s move to…
T: Underline the key words
T: This time, I’ll call a person to report T: Now guys do you need another the time Ss: silent
T: Yes or No?
Ss: yes
T: Ok. Listen carefully for this time [listening time]
T: Let’s check the answer. Minh, can you help me out Yes
T: The 2nd one is … Nope
T: This time do we need to listen another time (raise voice at the end) T: 18 or 80 (raise voice at the end)
VII
T: Everyone heard rain?
T: How was the rain? (SS silent)
T: How about the problem? What’s the problem (raise voice at the end) T: Ohh, that’s not a word to describe
T: And so, how about the beaches [pause]
T: Ok now this time, help me listen, find the words \ T: Ok let me see
…
T: Now ok guys, we’re running out of time,
T: So very quickly, tell me which place or trip do you prefer?
T: 5’ for brief discussion
T: What you’re going to do right now is … then discuss with your partner T: Now 5’ for your discussion
T: Now I’d like to invite some of you to speak up your opinions S: Ireland
T: Ireland? Why so?
S: Because, firstly I’m so scared of wild animal. I always find it dangerous to humans. I just wanna travel somewhere peaceful.
T: Okay. I got what you mean.
S: It’s also a kind of travel
T: Yep. Especially for those who are a kind of adventurous person.
T: Yeah, good. So your name is Thao S: No. My name is Thuy
T: Oh, so thank you. Thuy. Sorry, Thuy, anyway
T: And Thuy, you did make a good point in telling personal preferences.
T: Now anyone who likes visiting the island? Hang?
T: Hang please.
VIII
T: Ok, good
T: Thanks for your interesting discussion
…..
T: Let’s move one to the next part T: Now, my 1st question is
T: Look at this one, tell me what can you see in this picture?
T: Can you take a look at T: Understand what I mean?
T: Now guys help me to T: What does it mean by
T: For this time, you’re supposed to T: Ok guys, quick check
The third observation […]
T: we choose personal assistant and this is Cinderella T: what do these people have in common ?
T: now think about the things of appearance, the clothing T: oh they normally took place, where some sort of place
T: okey you have casual clothes, not so fancy clothes, this is the first point T: now think about a job
T: what does she normally do?
T: some sort of people, household chores, uh and this is CPA, can you guess what do they do?
T: the CAP, what do they do?
T: okay, plan the schedule, and also, sometimes they play the role as a babysitter, could be, right?
IX
T: so their jobs, so you can see, maybe arranging the schedules, household chores, babysitter, how are these jobs?
T: these tasks, they are?
Ss: (student) they are challenging
T: They are challenging, ahaa, they could be challenging, any others
T: ..ahaa I got this, this is some kind of, like they are not so important task, right
T: okey so not so important task T: so these are some sort of … like
T: so you can see some similarities between Cinderella and CPA and that, this is why we have such the subtitle for the article and look at this one, you guys spend a minute to read the subtitle.
T: Reading the subtitle and also the benefits of being a CPA
T: so now guys, do you have to read the text to talk about these advantages and disadvantages
T: no, there is no need for you to read the text T: what you have to do is to make some predictions T: oke some predictions
T: you're going to make some predictions using the.
T: Now I will call one person and you just like tell me 1 advantage or disadvantage from the word in the box and you can think of CPA.
T: Le Thi Huong now.
T: So I have the word. I tell you the word.
T: you can tell me what advantage or disadvantage of being CPA now I have the word …..
T: you prefer advantage or disadvantage in your opinion?
T: it could be advantage or disadvantage right? So what could it be?
X
Ss: it could be disadvantage T: ah it could be disadvantage, ok
Ss: you need to work, you need to communicate with people…. To be able to do this job
Ss: be able to satisfy what they want
T: in order to satisfy their demand, their want, right?
T: …. Move to another pair. Just pick anyone, please T: ok, Tuoi. I have another word. This word is….
T: And this word reminds you an advantage or disadvantage of being a personal assistant?
Ss: I think CPA is like a…... Because you always have to do many…. Multi task to make timeline for…
T: make some arrangement for celebrity T: ok, let's move to another person.
T: I want you to choose this side
Ss: ok, Hang. I have another one, rub shoulders with. Advantage or disadvantage in your opinion?
Ss: disadvantage.
T: Ok. How could it be?
Ss: because they have to do a lot of stuff, so they are unlikely to be rub shoulders with unlikely to be rub shoulders with the star.
T: So what do you mean by rub shoulders?
Ss: I think it is to be equal
T: ah, to be equal with. Now, still about rub shoulders with. Another pair, any pair has different opinion?
T: does it mean to be equal with or does it mean to be close with?
XI
Ss: equal with
T: ya, it should be to be close with you are able to be ….
T: head and shoulders means to be equal with…
T: do u think that it should be like a…..
T: Ok so for that given the meaning of rub shoulders… other opinion about this?
T: should it be advantage or disadvantage?
S: advantage
T: ah it could be advantage. How could it be? Ok, Diep…...
S: you can come into contact with, you can talk to many famous people T: Very good.
T: let's move to, I have another word…..
T: And Diep, can you pick any pair over this side?
S: Dương ạh ok, Duong
S: I think it's an advantage. Because the CPA can get to sit with celebrity in luxurious…...
XII
The forth observation
T: so in the last lesson, those are the advantages and disadvantages of being a personal assistant
T: now we will do task 3. do you need another time reading the text or we can do it right now?
T: task 3. can you take a look at task 3, what you have to do on task 3, on page 46.
T: choose the correct answer.
T: Do u need 2nd time reading the text or we can do it right now?
T: let's do it together. We have the first one is CPA originated in LA…
T: so which one is the right one?
T: first or second one?.... The second one. What is the name of the organization?
T: Everyone found that?
T: So why not the first option? Why 1st option is not the correct one?
T: yeah, right, in Rome.
T: Everyone found that? The origin of PA, it could be found of the first two lines in the text
T: that's the reason why the first one is not correct, second one is correct T: now, number two talk about the benefit or advantage of being a CPA and we have…....
T: number two, the first or second option?
T: Ah, the second option.
T: Good
T: another phrase to be near a famous person in the text we have…... Rub shoulders with
T: let's take a look at tasks for B
XIII
and what you have to do is making prefixes in the bold sentences from 1 to 6 with the meaning from A to F, prefixes
T: number one, we have is tiny clock, so for the a, b, c or f Ss: B
T: ah it is B, right, and how about, yes number 2 would be and in Vietnamese, we have…
T: number 3… False?
T: okey just choose number only T: and who do these numbers show?
T: you have the word, it can be prefix, or it can be suffix, it can be "tu goc"
T: okey so what you will have to do next?
T: this group, what do you have to do next?
T: yes you have to think whether this two have matched or not, okey?
T: and then give definitions
T: so what happen if these two don’t match T: what should we do?
T: you will lose the turn and the turn will pass to others. but if the two halves make the correct words and then you have ten points
T: and another person
T: so who go first, now who ask first
T: so guys, we have group 1, group 2, group 3, group 4, group 5
T: I am going to use the random to choose the first ..you have the job of cpa, right
T: so in today’s lesson, we have learned some common prefixes and their meaning, right?
T: and keep it in mind that there are some that have two possible meanings
XIV
think about it, and also guys try to take a look vocabulary using in the reading text, especially the one describes the up sides and down sides of being a cpa oke that’s it
T: now you have 5 minutes for break.
The fifth observation
T: Guys, have you done your HW?
SS: silent
T: I'm asking about your HW. Have you done that?
SS silent
T: Ok, let’s move directly to our lesson today.
T: And now, do you love watching movie:
Ss: Yesss
T: Alright. Today, we’re going to listen to people talking about the most inspiring movie
T: Do you know this film?
Ss: Star… Startrek
T: How many of you have watched this…
Ss: (some of them raised their hands)
T: And what is the main content of this movie?
Ss: (answer)
T: Yeah. And to be more specific, it’s about space – interstellar. And do you know the meaning of interstellar?
Ss: space, stars
T: Ok very good. In fact, it talks about the space of sky and stars, right?
And now, as I’ve told you, this movie is…