The conceptual metaphors of dog idioms and proverb- 123docz.net

CHAPTER 4: CONCEPTUAL METAPHOR OF DOG IDIOMS AND PROVERBS IN

4.1. The conceptual metaphors of dog idioms and proverbs in English and

4.1.1. The conceptual metaphors of dog idioms and proverbs in English With a careful examination of the dog idioms and proverbs, it is found that the central metaphor PEOPLE ARE DOGS has some sub-classes, which will be illustrated below with their own metaphorical expressions. The results are sorted as follows.

1) OUTSTANDING PEOPLE

Outstanding people are clearly very much better than what is usual.

Conceptual metaphor of dog here is outstanding Top dog

Top dog refers to someone who is at the top of the pecking order, someone who is dominant or at the apex of his field.

Hot dog

Hot dog is defined as slang for doing something special in sports to capture attention.

The dog’s bollocks (excellent) Clever dog (clever person)

Dog in a doublet (a brave person)

In Germany and Flanders the boldest dogs are used to hunt the boar, having a kind of buff doublet buttoned on their bodies, Rubens has represented several so equipped, so has Sneyders.

A good dog deserves a good bone (people who have made contributions shall be rewarded)

The best dog leap the stile first (let the most capable person deal with the most difficult things)

2) EXPERIENCED PEOPLE

Experience is knowledge or skill from doing, seeing, or feeling things.

Conceptual metaphor of dog here is experience.

Sea dog (experienced sailor)

A sailor, especially a man, who is older and/or has had a lot of experience on

M the seas.

Be dog at a thing (have much experience at a thing) Old dog for a hard road (experience is invaluable)

An old dog barks not in vain (When an old dog barks, he must convey his warning)

A still dog or an old dog barks not in vain or for nothing is a slightly later expression dating from the mid-1500s, which warns against ignoring advice from reliable or experienced sources

An old dog bites sore (old dogs is skilled at biting)

A dog bite is a bite upon a person or other animal by a dog. More than one successive bite is often called a dog attack, although dog attacks can include knock- downs and scratches. Though many dog bites do not result in injury, they can result in infection, disfigurement, temporary or permanent disability, or death. Another type of dog bite is the "soft bite" displayed by well-trained dogs, by puppies, and in non-aggressive play. Dog bites can occur during dog fighting, as a response to mistreatment, trained dogs acting as guard or military animals, or during a random encounter.

There is debate on whether or not certain breeds of dogs are inherently more prone to commit attacks causing serious injury (i.e., so driven by instinct and breeding that, under certain circumstances, they are exceedingly likely to attempt or commit dangerous attacks). Regardless of the breed of the dog, it is recognized that the risk of dangerous dog attacks can be greatly increased by human actions (such as neglect or fight training) or inactions (as carelessness in confinement and control).

3) FAITHFUL PEOPLE

Faithful person is firm and not changing in your friendship or support for a person or an organization, or in your belief in your principles. Conceptual metaphor of dog here is faithful.

As faithful as a dog (a faithful person)

The definition of faithful is someone who is loyal and reliable or someone with a strong religious belief.

An example of faithful is a loyal dog who always comes to sit by your side.

An example of faithful is a spouse who never cheats on you with another person.

Die dog for someone (do everything as is told for somebody)

M Work like a dog (work very hard)

Come like a dog with a whistle (a person who is ready at service at being called)

4) HAPPY PEOPLE

Happy people are feeling, showing or causing pleasure of satisfaction.

Conceptual metaphor of dog here is happy.

A dog with two tails (very happy)

If someone is like a dog with two tails, they are extremely happy.

Ex: When Paul won the first prize he was like a dog with two tails A gay dog (a happy guy)

The dog wags its tail (a person who is delighted)

It is commonly believed that dogs wag their tails to convey that they are happy and friendly, but this is not exactly true.

Dogs do use their tails to communicate, though a wagging tail does not always mean, "Come pet me!"

If a dog is nervous or submissive, it will hold its tail lower than its natural position, and will tuck its tail under its body if it is scared. On the opposite end of the spectrum, a tail held higher than normal may indicate the dog is aroused by something, while a vertical tail indicates aggression..

5) MISERABLE PEOPLE

Miserable people are feeling, showing or causing unpleasure of satisfaction.

Conceptual metaphor of dog here is miserable.

Dog eared (ragged and shabby) Dog's life (hard and unpleasant life) Dog's dinner (a poor job)

Something that is very messy or disorganized.

Sick as a dog (people who are seriously ill).

Dog poor (extremely poor).

Die like a dog (to die in shameful circumstances).

Treat sb. worse than a dog (be critical or cruel to a person) A lame dog (people who are in trouble)

A person who is in need or who is the object of charity.

If you lie down with dogs, you will get up with fleas.

If you listen to dogs barking, you'll go deaf and never learn much.

M By biting and scratching cats and dogs come together.

6) BLUFF AND BLUSTER

Bluff people are to deceive someone by making them think either that you are going to do something when you really have no intention of doing it, or that you have knowledge that you do not really have, or that you are someone else.

Bluster people are to speak in a loud, angry, or offended way, usually with little effect.

Conceptual metaphor of dog here are bluff and bluster.

Put on the dog (to behave as if one is more important than one is)

Put on the dog is an expression that means 'to make a display of wealth or importance, especially by dressing stylishly and flashily'. It is similar in meaning to the later expression put on the ritz.

Put on the ritz means behaving in an elegant, extravagant manner, as in We'll have to put on the dog when our daughter's in-laws visit, or They really put on the ritz for the wedding reception. The allusion in the first of these slangy terms, first recorded in 1865, is unclear, although it has been suggested that the newly rich displayed their wealth by keeping pampered lapdogs. The second term, from the 1920s, alludes to the large, luxurious hotels founded by and named for César Ritz (1850–1918), which still exist in Paris, London, and many other major cities.

Barking dogs seldom bite (someone who makes threats all the time seldom carries out the threats)

This maxim carries the same meaning as Empty vessels make more noise. A dog which keeps on barking never has the courage to attack or bite anybody. The dog also exhausts itself by barking and so they lack the energy to bite. An empty vessel makes more noise because sound propagates nicely through empty vessel and if it contains something, sound cannot propagate. Similarly when we see a dark cloud in the sky with thunder we notice that it never rains.

A person who used to talk unnecessarily wasting his own time and other’s time never does anything worth of its time. Just like a barking dog they do not do any thing fruitful. This is similar to the political situation where the politicians talk and give empty promises but they never do anything as promised. Similarly there are situations when a man gets angry he challenges anybody and he threatens others to kill others, but when his anger or anguish disappears he will not think of killing

M anybody.

Dogs bark before they bite (people roar viciously before taking evil actions) Great barkers are not biters (a bragger seldom takes action).

Dogs that bark at distance bite not at hand (swashbuckling people are not dangerous). His bark is worse than his bite (bullies generally prefer bluster to fighting)

Every dog is valiant at his own door (every dog is strong and brave at his own home)

7) GREEDY PEOPLE

Greedy people want a lot more food, money, etc. than they need. Conceptual metaphor of dog here is greedy.

The dog that licks ashes trust not with meal (gluttonous person cannot be trusted to attend to the money)

The dog’s house is no place to keep a sausage (a greedy person will squander what he possesses)

Dogs that put up many hares kill none (people who want to do everything at once will fail to do it)

Hang a dog on a crab (tree, and he’ll never have verjuice) (once being punished, greedy people would restrain themselves)

Dogs gnaw bones because they cannot swallow them (greedy people would like to take everything that they have access to)

Dogs do not dislike poor families.

A fence lasts three years, a dog lasts three fences, a horse three dogs.and a man three horses

If you are a host to your guest, be a host to his dog also.

8) IMMORAL PEOPLE

Immoral people are morally wrong, or outside society’s standards of acceptable, honest, and moral behavior. Conceptual metaphor of dog here is immoral.

The gardener’s dog (a person who stops others enjoying something he cannot use or does not want)

The dog that fetches will also carry. (a talebearer will tell tales of you, as well as to you)

A dog that’s bemired tries to bemire others. (people who engage in evildoing try to make others fall into the same way)

M The mad dog bites his master. (a person returns evil for good) 9) STUBBORN PEOPLE

Stubborn people are determined to do what he or she wants and refuses to do anything else. Conceptual metaphor of dog here is stubborn.

Dog returns to its vomit. (repeat bad and revolting conduct)

You cannot teach an old dog new tricks. (someone who is used to doing things in a certain way cannot change it) ã

An old dog cannot alter its way of barking. (old people find it difficult to learn to live in accordance with new ideas) ã

The scalded dog fears cold water. (once a dog is hurt by hot water, it fears even cold water)

10) INFERIOR PEOPLE

Inferior people are not good, or not as good as someone or something else.

Conceptual metaphor of dog here is inferior.

Under dog (the loser in fight, the inferior in strength)

Under dogis a person or group in a competition, usually in sports and creative works, who is popularly expected to lose. The party, team, or individual expected to win is called the favorite or top dog. In the case where an underdog wins, the outcome is an upset. An "underdog bet" is a bet on the underdog or outsider for which the odds are generally higher.

Dog’s body (a person with low social status)

A person who has to do all the boring or unpleasant jobs that other people do not want to do.

Try it on the dog. (carry experiment on unimportant person to testify its feasibility)

The above idioms in English are all metaphorical expressions about dogs, which are created and used to describe humans vividly. It is in this sense that we say dogs' attributes and behaviors form a source domain, while humans themselves, or more specifically, human characteristics, form the target domain. English people choose to understand the abstract and difficult concept of PEOPLE in terms of the concrete and easy concept DOG. This leads to the formation of a central conceptual metaphor PEOPLE ARE DOGS in their conceptual system. This conceptual metaphor exists for such a long time and works so automatically that people rarely notice its existence. It has already been a kind of way of thinking in people’s mind.

M After a careful examination of the data, ten sub-classes are summarized, four of which convey positive meanings while the other six express negative meanings.

However, there is a great vast of difference between the number of idioms in positive and negative meanings. The number of positive expressions is totally 18, with meaning related to outstanding, experienced, faithful and happy. While the number of negative expressions is 32 in total, with reflecting the seamy side of human nature, such as greedy and immoral.

4.1.2. The conceptual metaphors of dog idioms and proverbs in Vietnamese Like English, Vietnamese people have also made a careful observation of dog’s characteristics and behaviors, and created many idioms to convey their own feelings vividly. Therefore, the concrete source domain DOG naturally maps onto abstract target domain PEOPLE, and forms the central conceptual metaphor PEOPLE ARE DOGS. After a careful analysis of the data, it is found that there are eighteen sub-classes underlying the central metaphor. The results are listed as follows.

1. GREEDY PEOPLE

Greedy people want a lot more food, money, etc. than they need. Conceptual metaphor of dog here is greedy.

Đồ chó, chó má Bẩn như chó

It means very filthy, stingy, dirty, selfish and narrow-minded.

Chó sói đội lốt cừu

It means sinister, cruel, but a good hybrid, good-natured.

Tham ăn như chó Chó cắn trộm:

The basement is a low, cramped place for dogs. This verse wants to compare the status of the poor, depending on others, leading to fear, patience, and loss of autonomy. It is often referred to the specific situation of the model in the son-in- law, about the bitterness of the husbands living in the wives' family, whose position is significantly reduced.

Chó già giữ xương

The more conservative the older, the more conservative his opinion and identity

2. IMMORAL PEOPLE

M Immoral people are morally wrong, or outside society’s standards of acceptable, honest, and moral behavior. Conceptual metaphor of dog here is immoral.

Chó chết hết cắn Chó cắn trộm

The one who has to wear torn clothes will not be rich. Now bitten by a dog again, he took nothing to wear, not to mention where to get the money to take care of the medicine. This sentence refers to the situation that someone who was poor, in extreme misery, exploited more by bad guys, had more misery and had more trouble. It is equivalent to the phrase "poor people still meet the waist".

Chó cái cắn con

It is referring to the image of a mother who is cruel to her own child. Or when it comes to aggressors, indiscriminately fighting people say, "Dogs need to bite the hedgehog".

3. NOMADIC PEOPLE

If someone has a nomadic way of life, they travel from place to place and do not have a settled home.

Mèo đàng chó điếm, chó khô mèo lạc

“Đàng” is the road, as in the main road, alleys, roads, roads, while “whores”

are shops, salons, especially restaurants, places that can often find leftovers or leftovers. The saying literally refers to wild cats and dogs wandering. Literally, only evil doers, wandering useless, used to live on the street, playing whores, despicable, unscrupulous, unscrupulous.

Chó chạy ruộng khoai It is fluffy and purposeless

4. PRESUMPTUOUS PEOPLE Chó nhà quê đòi ăn mắm mực Chó chê mèo lắm lông

A dog with a very hairy cat (or "a dog with a furry cat") is an idiom that refers to the irony of the disdain of judging others, and is no better for you. When judging others, consider yourself first. In English, the expression "The pot calling the kettle black" has the same meaning, possibly originating from Spain, in that English version began to appear in the first half of the 17th century.

Chó có váy lĩnh

M People often use the idiom of a dog with a skirt (or a dog wearing a skirt) to refer to someone who demands a clumsy, ludicrous, inappropriate.

Chó ghẻ có mỡ đằng đuôi 5. LOYAL PEOPLE

Faithful person is firm and not changing in your friendship or support for a person or an organization, or in your belief in your principles. Conceptual metaphor of dog here is faithful.

Con không chê cha mẹ khó, chó không chê chủ nghèo

People who have a great blessing are born into a wealthy or high-ranking family. The thin fate is born in a family with poor parents, now worrying about constant illness. But filial children will never dare to blame poor parents for their misery. Even though it is not uncommon for us to see tragic stories every day, such as: an 11-year-old child whose parents died prematurely, she had to be the main laborer to support her grandmother and her handicapped brother, or a child healthy sacrifices for the whole spring to stay at home to take care of elderly parents and brothers with mental illness, for example ... But they do not see those children have a grievance, blame heaven or parents ... they patiently bear the burden, the heavy responsibility of being a child. Do those images not move us? The more these children love their parents, the more motivated they are to work so that they can help them out of poverty

Khuyển mã chi tình

With the ability to identify quickly, sniffing far away and a special memory, dogs are very emotional and most loyal of animals, so Vietnam often has the phrase

"The love code of love" is like that. Today, dogs are also trained to help the blind and the elderly in some daily activities, dogs are also used in circus or racing like horse racing.

Chó không chê chủ nghèo

Authentic dogs, horses, buffaloes, chickens, goats ... were the first animals humans tamed. But only dogs can create a family affection for humans.

The dog and its owner have an unbroken kind of affection, even if it eats the best food, it will persist in wanting to run home. Dogs compared to husband and wife also want to be closer, the family relationship with dogs is stronger than kinship. This Swedish way of comparison we can understand.

Today, the cold, the heart is easy to change, but dogs are always the most

M loyal. So people who like new dogs are getting more and more ”.

6.SELFISH PEOPLE

Lacking consideration for others; concerned chiefly with one's own personal profit or pleasure.

Chó cái trốn con, chó chê nhà dột ra nằm bụi tre…;

It is ridicule the snob, the scholar learned to do the trick 7. CLUMSY PEOPLE

A clumsy person often has accidents because they do not behave in a careful, controlled way

Nói như chó

It is about clumsy person 8. SCARED PEOPLE Chạy như chó phải pháo

When encountering firecrackers, not only dogs but also people must run. Only extreme fear

9. NEEDY PEOPLE Chó càn cắn giậu

Making a dose, not considering when being pushed to the dead end, there is no other way.

Chó cắn áo rách

10. HAPPY PEOPLE

Mèo đến nhà thì khó, chó đến nhà thì sang.

In Vietnam, dogs are considered lucky, prosperous, cats bring evil, sometimes considered evil, but in Egypt, ancient China, cats were considered good animals. In India, statues of ascetic cats are found to symbolize the bliss of the animal kingdom.

For the Pawnees of North America, the wildcat is a symbol of ingenuity, ingenuity, an intelligent, calm observer and always attains desire, so cats are considered a