A. NEW WORDS, STRUCTURES, GRAMMAR AND PRONUNCIATION
X. Complete the second sentence so that it has similar meaning to the first sentence
1. What is the price of a dish of five-colored sticky rice?
How much ……….
2. Would do you mind carrying my basket for me, please?
Could ……….
3. Why do some ethnic peoples build the communal house?
What ……….
4. How long have you been an ethnologist?
When ……….
5. Who do these beautiful ornaments belong to?
Whose ………..……….
KEYS TO EXERCISES_UNIT 3
A. NEW WORDS, STRUCTURES, GRAMMAR AND PRONUNCIATION I. New words:
ancestor (n) /ˈổnsestə(r)/ ụng cha,
tổ tiên insignifi
cant (adj) /ˌɪnsɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/ không quan trọng, không ý nghĩa basic (adj) /ˈbeɪsɪk/ cơ bản majority (n) /məˈdʒɒrəti/ đa số complicated
(adj) /ˈkɒmplɪkeɪtɪd/ tinh vi,
phức tạp minority (n) /maɪˈnɒrəti/ thiểu số costume (n) /ˈkɒstjuːm/ trang
phục
multicultural (adj)
/ˌmʌltiˈkʌltʃərəl/ đa văn hóa curious
(adj) /ˈkjʊəriəs/ tò mò,
muốn tìm hiểu
recognise
(v) /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/ công
nhận, xác nhận custom (n) /ˈkʌstəm/ tập quán,
phong tục shawl (n) /ʃɔːl/ khăn quàng diverse (adj) /daɪˈvɜːs/ đa dạng speciality
(n) /ˌspeʃiˈổləti/ đặc sản diversity (n) /daɪˈvɜːsəti/ sự đa
dạng, stilt house (n)
/stɪlt haʊs/ nhà sàn
phong phú ethnic (adj) /ˈeθnɪk/ (thuộc)
dân tộc
terraced fi eld (n)
/ˈterəst fi ːld/ ruộng bậc thang ethnic group
(n) /ˈeθnɪk ɡruːp/ (nhóm)
dân tộc tradition (n) /trəˈdɪʃn/ truyền thống ethnic
minority people (n)
/ˈeθnɪk maɪ ˈnɒrətiˈpiːpl/
người dân tộc thiểu số
unique (adj) /juˈniːk/ độc nhất, độc đáo gather (v) /ˈɡổðə(r)/ thu thập,
hái lượm
waterwheel (n)
/ˈwɔːtəwiːl/ cối xay nước heritage (n) /ˈherɪtɪdʒ/ di sản
hunt (v) /hʌnt/ săn bắt
II. Grammar:
II. Grammar:
1. Questions: What, When, Where, How often, How far
…. Look out!
Which is used instead of what or who to ask somebody to be exact about one or more people or things from a limited number:
Which way leads to the town? This one..
Which of you has to cook dinner? I do.
2. Articles:
a. Indefinite article (a/an)
- We use a before consonant sounds, and an before vowel sounds Vowel sounds: an hour, an apple
Consonant sounds: a director, a question, a code.
- With something we refer to for the first time We’ve just had a great idea.
I will give you a call next week.
- With one of a group of things
Shall we choose a book from this catalogue?
- Where we use an adjective to describe a noun.
Carol is a very big city.
It’s a beautiful day.
- With someone’s job.
Peter is a truck driver.
- With singular fractions, group numbers and large numbers.
One and a half kilos, a dozen eggs, a hundred envelopes.
- Meaning Per:
He was doing ninety miles an hour / Julie earns £ 500 a week.
b. Definite articles
- With nouns we have mentioned previously
There is a bedroom and a living room. The bedroom is quite large.
- With nouns we mention for the first time, but where it is clear which one we are talking about.
Can you pass the salt?
My life changed completely after the war.
- Where there is only one of something. It is clear which one we are talking about.
The moon is full tonight.
- With nouns followed by a descriptive phrase, which makes them definite.
This is the man I told you about.
Note: London Bridge, but the towel of London.
- With national groups.
The British drink far too much tea.
- With classes of people.
The rich get richer and the poor get poorer.
- With individual items which represent a class.
The lion is fast disappearing.
- With name of musical instruments that we can play.
I can’t play the piano but I can play the guitar.
- With some geographical names. In particular Oceans, seas, rivers, canals and regions.
The Thames flows into the North sea.
Also with plural countries or where the country name contains a noun.
The Netherlands, the People’s Republic of China.
- With superlatives, ordinals, the same, the only.
This is the best; You are the first; This is the only one.
- With media.
What’s on (the) television? I went to the cinema.
c. Zero article (no article)
- With uncountable nouns and plural countable nouns when we are talking generally.
Give peace a chance; Football is life; All he talks about is cars.
- With most continents, countries, states, islands, mountains, lakes, cities, parks, roads and streets, squares, bridges, palaces, castles, cathedrals, stations and airports.
We live in France.
We took the train from Hanoi station to Saigon.
- With company names, years, months, days and special times of the year.
She works for Lufthansa.
I’ll see you in January.
- With names of meals when we are talking generally.
It’s time for lunch (But the lunch I had at Café Sol was good value)
- With unique jobs on roles (The definite article is also possible in these cases).
Jim is the chairman of the company.
- With prepositions of place with certain building where the purpose of the building is more important than the place itself.
Sally is in prison (She is a prisoner)
Sally is in the prison (She is a visitor to that specific building) Similar are bed, church, class, hospital, school, university.
- With means of transport when we are talking generally.
We went to there by car (But we went there by the car that Alex borrowed) Note that if we use in or on, we need an indefinite article.
We went there in a car/ on a bus.
III. Pronunciation: Clusters_ /sk/, /sp/, /st/
B. EXERCISES
I. Read the following sentences aloud, and put the words with the cluster /sk/, /sp/, or /st/ into the correct column.
21. How do you spell your surname?
22. He is going to make a speech to city businessmen.
23. How much does your family spend on food each week?
24. If you don't pay the bill, our company will disconnect the Internet connectivity.
25. Don't let these little problems discourage you.
26. John did a lot of sport when he was at school.
27. Could you speak more slowly?
28. My brother is a stamp collector.
29. The house was built of grey stone.
30. You have ten minutes to complete the three tasks.
31. Potato crisps are my favourite snack.
32. They are building a new school in our area.
33. What is the best way to get to the museum from here?
34. I'll ask the shopkeeper how much the jacket is.
35. Indonesian food is rather spicy.
36. Scientists are hoping to discover the cause of that illness.
37. He's very skillful with his hands.
38. I'll send you the text as soon as I have any news.
39. The castle stands on a hill.
40. She always reads the children a bedtime story.
/sk/ /sp/ /st/
disconnect, discourage, tasks, school, ask, discover, skillful
Spell, speech, spend, sport,
speak, crisp, spicy Stamp, stone,
stand, story best, text,
II. Fill in each blank of the passage with the correct word/ phrase from the box.
a tour ethnic groups little bridges information
research cultural heritage stilt house display area 1. cultural heritage 2. Information 3. ethnic groups 4. research
5. a tour 6. display area 7. stilt house 8. little bridges
Vietnam Museum of Ethnology in Ha Noi offers an insight into the 54 different ethnic groups of Viet Nam in an effort to preserve (1) ……….
The museum is full of (2) ………. about traditional Vietnamese ways of life of all the Vietnamese (3) ……….
The display hall shows everyday objects representing each ethnic group, a (4)
………. center, a library and an auditorium. Its indoor exhibition area provides you (5) ………. which includes the Viet, Muong, Tay, Thai, H'mong, Yao, Khmer, Cham and Hoa ethnic groups.
The outdoor (6) ………. Presents a variety of Vietnamese homes including a Tay (7) ………. and a Viet house, each separated by a small stream and reached via (8 ) ……….. The museum is suitable for children, and all documents and signs are translated into English and French.
III. Fill each blank with a, an, or the to complete the following passage.
1 a 2 the 3 the 4 the 5 the 6 the 7 a 8 a 9 an 10 the Ethnic groups
Vietnam is (1) ………. multi-nationality country with 54 ethnic groups. The Viet (Kinh) people account for 87% of (2) ………. country's population and mainly inhabit (3)
……….Red River Delta, (4) ………. central coastal delta, (5) ………. Mekong Delta and major cities. (6) ………. other 53 ethnic minority groups, totaling over 8 million people, are scattered over mountains areas spreading from the North to the South.
(7) ………. number of ethnic minorities had mastered some farming techniques. They grew rice plants in swamped paddy fields and carried out irrigation. Others went hunting, fishing, collecting and lived (8) ………. semi-nomadic life. Each group has its own culture, diverse and special.
However, (9) ………. evident gap in the material and normal life has indeed still existed between people living in the deltas and those living in mountain areas as well as among ethnic minorities themselves. (10) ………. Vietnamese government has worked out specific policies and special treatments in order to help mountainous people catching up with lowland people, and made great efforts to develop and preserve traditional cultural identities of each ethnic minority group.