KEY TERMS AND DESCRIPTIONS

Use choices only once unless otherwise indicated.

MATCHING 7-1: KEY TERMS AND DESCRIPTIONS Match each key term with the best description.

Key Terms (1–16) 1. _____ ACD 2. _____ Additive 3. _____ Anticoagulant 4. _____ Antiglycolytic agent 5. _____ Antiseptics

6. _____ Bevel

7. _____ Butterfl y needle 8. _____ Clot activator 9. _____ Disinfectant 10. _____ EDTA 11. _____ ETS

12. _____ Evacuated tube 13. _____ Gauge

14. _____ Glycolysis 15. _____ Heparin 16. _____ Hub Key Terms (17–31)

17. _____ Hypodermic needle 18. _____ Lumen

19. _____ Multisample needle 20. _____ Order of draw 21. _____ Potassium oxalate 22. _____ PST

23. _____ Shaft

24. _____ Sharps container 25. _____ Silica

26. _____ Sodium citrate 27. _____ Sodium fl uoride 28. _____ SPS

29. _____ SST

30. _____ Thixotropic gel 31. _____ Winged infusion set

Descriptions (1–16)

A. Abbreviation for the collection system typically used for routine venipuncture

B. Additive that prevents the breakdown of glucose by the cells

C. Additive used for immunohematology tests such as DNA and HLA typing D. Anticoagulant that inhibits the formation of thrombin

E. Anticoagulant that preserves cell shape and structure and inhibits platelet clumping

F. Breakdown or metabolism of glucose by blood cells G. Coagulation-enhancing substance, such as silica

H. End of the needle that attaches to the blood collection device I. Number that is related to the diameter of the needle lumen J. Point of a needle that is cut on a slant for ease of skin entry K. Premeasured vacuum tube that is color-coded based on its additive L. Solutions used to kill microorganisms on surfaces and instruments M. Substance added to a blood collection tube

N. Substance that prevents blood from clotting

O. Substances used for skin cleaning that inhibit the growth of bacteria P. Winged infusion blood collection set

Descriptions (17–31)

A. Additive used in blood culture collection

B. Anticoagulant commonly used to preserve coagulation factors C. Anticoagulant commonly used with an antiglycolytic agent D. Butterfl y needle

E. Clot activator

F. Gel tube for separation of cells and serum

G. Heparinized gel tube for separation of cells and plasma H. Internal space of a vessel or tube

I. Long cylindrical portion of a needle J. Most common antiglycolytic agent

K. Special puncture-resistant leakproof disposable container

L. Special sequence in which tubes are fi lled during a multiple-tube draw M. Synthetic substance used to separate cells from serum or plasma N. Type of needle used to collect several tubes during a single venipuncture O. Type of needle used when collecting blood with a syringe

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MATCHING 7–2: MATCH THE ADDITIVE WITH ITS PRIMARY FUNCTION Choices may be used more than once.

Additive 1. _____ ACD 2. _____ CPD 3. _____ EDTA 4. _____ Heparin

5. _____ Potassium oxalate 6. _____ Silica

7. _____ Sodium citrate 8. _____ Sodium fl uoride 9. _____ SPS

10. _____ Thixotropic gel

MATCHING 7–3: MATCH THE ADDITIVE WITH THE TYPE OF ACTION Choices may be used more than once.

Additive 1. _____ Citrate 2. _____ EDTA 3. _____ Heparin

4. _____ Potassium oxalate 5. _____ Silica

6. _____ Sodium fl uoride 7. _____ Thixotropic gel

Primary Function A. Anticoagulant B. Antiglycolytic agent C. Clot activator

D. Serum/plasma separator

Type of Action A. Binds calcium B. Enhances coagulation C. Inhibits thrombin D. Physical barrier E. Preserves glucose

Labeling Exercises

LABELING EXERCISE 7-1: TUBE STOPPER COLORS AND ADDITIVES

1 2 3 4 5 6

7 8 9 10 11 12

Color the tube stoppers of the following ETS plastic tubes according to the list of tubes below. If the tube contains gel, color the area of the tube that would contain the gel yellow. Using the list of additives, write the letter(s) of the possible tube additive(s) inside the corresponding tube. Note: Additive choices may be used more than once, and some tube choices may have more than one additive.

Tubes 1. Gray top

2. Green top (nongel) 3. Lavender top 4. Light-blue top 5. Pink top 6. PPT 7. PST 8. Red top 9. Royal-blue top 10. SST

11. Yellow top (blood bank) 12. Yellow top (microbiology)

Additives

a. Acid citrate dextrose (ACD) b. Clot activator (silica) c. EDTA

d. Heparin e. No additive f. Potassium oxalate g. Sodium citrate h. Sodium fl uoride

i. Sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS) j. Thixotropic gel

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LABELING EXERCISE 7-2: TUBE STOPPER COLORS AND ORDER OF DRAW

Identify the stopper color of the tube required for the following types of tests assuming that they would all be collected from the same patient at the same time. Then, in the order of draw from left to right, color the stoppers of the following tubes to correspond to the tubes required for the types of tests.

Tube Stopper Color Type of Test

1. Chemistry test (antiglycolytic agent required)

2. Chemistry test (plasma required)

3. Chemistry test (serum required)

4. Coagulation test

5. Hematology test

1 2 3 4 5

Knowledge Drills

KNOWLEDGE DRILL 7-1: CAUTION AND KEY POINT RECOGNITION

The following sentences are taken from Caution and Key Point statements found throughout the text of Chapter 7.

Using the TEXTBOOK, fi ll in the blanks with the missing information.

1. According to (A) regulations, if the (B) does not have a (C)

feature, the equipment it is used with (such as tube holder or syringe) must have a (D) feature to minimize the chance of an accidental needlestick.

2. Always check the (A) on a tube before using it, and never use a tube

that has (B) or has been (C) .

3. An underfi lled (A) tube will have an incorrect blood-to-additive (B) , which

can cause (D) test results.

4. Cleaning with an (A) reduces the number of (B) but does not

5. (A) of hands after (B) removal is essential.

6. Heparinized (A) is preferred over (B) for (C) tests because

when blood clots, (D) is released from (E) into the serum and can falsely elevate results.

7. If (A) are detected in a (B) specimen, it cannot be used for testing

and must be (C) .

8. Never (A) or otherwise (B) a specimen, as this can cause

9. Never transfer blood collected in an (A) tube into another (B) tube,

even if the (C) are the same.

10. (A) regulations require that the tube holder with (B)

be disposed of as a (C) after use and never be removed from the (D) and reused.

11. The (A) tube collected with a (B) will underfi ll because of the (C) in the tubing. If the tube contains an (D) , the blood-to-additive ratio will be affected.

12. The (A) ratio of blood to (B) in light-blue (C) tubes

is (D) ; therefore, it is extremely important to fi ll them to the stated capacity.

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KNOWLEDGE DRILL 7-2: SCRAMBLED WORDS

Unscramble the following words using the hints given in parenthesis. Write the correct spelling of the scrambled word on the line next to it.

1. cavmuu (negative pressure)

2. clabeh (sodium hypochlorite)

3. eggua (measure of diameter)

4. mulen (the space within)

5. pheanri (it inhibits thrombin)

6. poxihirctot (type of gel)

7. quinretout (used to restrict blood fl ow)

8. reatict (coagulation tube additive)

9. treyfblut (winged infusion set)

10. veldrean (EDTA tube stopper color)

11. voyarcrer (transfer from one tube to another)

12. zitsieran (used to decontaminate hands)

KNOWLEDGE DRILL 7-3: STOPPER COLORS, ADDITIVES, AND DEPARTMENTS Fill in the blanks of the following table with the missing information.

Stopper Color(s) Additive Department(s)

Light blue Sodium citrate (1)

Red (2) Chemistry, Blood Bank,

Serology/Immunology

Red Clot activator (3)

Red/light gray (4) NA (discard purpose only)

Clear

Red/black (tiger) Clot activator and Chemistry

Red/gold

(5) (6)

Green/gray Lithium heparin and gel Chemistry

(7) separator

Green Lithium heparin (8)

Sodium heparin

Aluminum heparin

Lavender (purple) EDTA (9)

(10) EDTA Blood bank

Gray Sodium fl uoride and Chemistry

(11)

Sodium fl uoride and

(12)

Sodium fl uoride

Orange (13) Chemistry

Gray/yellow

Royal blue (14) Chemistry

(15)

Sodium (16)

Tan (plastic) (17) Chemistry

Yellow (18) Microbiology

(SPS)

Yellow Acid citrate dextrose (20) /

(19) ( ) Immunohematology

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Skills Drills

SKILLS DRILL 7-1: REQUISITION ACTIVITY

Identify the tests ordered on the following requisition. List the tests below in the order of draw and identify the stopper color and additive of the tubes that will most likely be collected for the tests indicated.

Order of Draw Tube Stopper Color and Additive 1.

Any Hospital USA 1123 West Physician Drive

Any Town USA Laboratory Test Requisition

PATIENT INFORMATION:

Name:

Identification Number: Birth Date:

Referring Physician:

Date to be Collected: Time to be Collected:

Special Instructions: STAT

NH4 (Ammonia)

Bili (Bilirubin, total & direct) BMP (basic metabolic panel) BUN (Blood urea nitrogen) Chol (cholesterol) EtOH (alcohol) Gluc (glucose) Lytes (electrolytes) Lact (lactic acid/lactate) PSA (prostatic specific antigen)

√

D-dimer PT (protime)

PTT (partial thromboplastin time) Hematology

Coagulation Chemistry

Other

CBC (complete blood count) ESR (erythrocyte sed rate) Hgb (hemoglobin)

H & H (hemoglobin & Hematocrit) RBC (Red blood cell count) WBC (White blood cell count)

(last) (first) (MI)

TEST(S) ORDERED:

Doe

036152912 Smarte, John 06/28/2011

12/07/43

John T

SKILLS DRILL 7-2: WORD BUILDING

Divide each word into all of its elements (parts); prefi x (P), word root (WR), combining vowel (CV), and suffi x (S).

Write the word part, its defi nition, and the meaning of the word on the corresponding lines. If the word does not have a particular element, write NA (not applicable) in its place.

Example: Antiglycolytic

Elements anti / glyc / o / lytic

P WR CV S

Defi nitions against / sugar / / pertaining to breakdown Meaning: Against the breakdown of sugar (glucose)

1. Hypodermic