In this part, e-readiness of each dimension, including management, technology, people, and process, and the overall e-readiness of each enterprise were calculated using the average of the indicators. Results of the calculation were presented in AppendixB. As can be inferred from the Appendix, the mean e-readiness level equal to 3.01 meaning most medium and large enterprises in Thai Nguyen province have e-readiness level 3. At this level, organisation was in maintaining of ICT utilization and e-commerce penetration rates for the stability of organization performance. Furthermore, the max- imum overall e-readiness value is 4.08. At this level, organisation was in monitoring and maintaining the current status of ICT and e-commerce utilization and penetration rates of continuing improvement of ICT and e-commerce in organization. However, the minimum overall e-readiness value is 2.0. At this level, the organization was in the low level of utilization of ICT and e-commerce development.
FIGURE4.3: Overall Level of e-readiness at Enterprises in Thai Nguyen Province
Detailed results of overall e-readiness level were presented in Figure4.3. As can be in- ferred from figure4.3, most of the enterprises got e-readiness level 3, which accounting for 39%. Number of enterprises got level 5 was slightly less than the number of firms getting level 2, accounted for 22% and 25% separately. No firm is still in the lowest level.
TABLE4.2: Average e-readiness of Enterprises Grouped by Ownership
Ownership Technology Management People Process E-Readiness Level
FDI 3.86 3.95 3.66 4.00 3.87 4
State owned 2.89 2.90 3.20 3.25 3.06 3
collective 2.58 2.80 3.07 2.76 2.80 3
Private 2.35 2.65 2.82 2.70 2.63 3
Average e-readiness value for each dimension and the overall e-readiness value grouped by ownership are presented in Table4.2. As can be seen form the table, FDI firms have the highest overall e-readiness level and in each dimension these enterprises rank the first at level 4. State-owned firms ranked the second with average overall e-readiness
of 3.06 while private-owned firms have the lowest value of 2.63.
TABLE4.3: Average e-readiness of Enterprises grouped by industries
Ownership Technology Management People Process E-Readiness Level
Mining 2.08 2.37 2.85 2.18 2.37 2
Construction 2.3 2.63 3.05 2.33 2.58 2
Transportation 2.18 2.38 2.7 2.15 2.35 2
Manufacturing 3.2 3.33 3.34 3.71 3.39 3
Service 3.01 2.95 3.03 2.1 2.77 3
Wholesale 2.75 2.99 3 2.23 2.74 3
Retail 2.6 2.71 2.87 2.66 2.71 3
Table4.3 presents the average e-readiness of enterprises grouped by industry and fig- ure4.4visualizes the information. As can be seen from Table4.3, manufacturing, ser- vice, wholesale and retail are in level 3 of e-readiness while the other industries are in a lower level. In the higher-level group, manufacturing sector has the highest aver- age e-readiness of 3.39 and other sectors have similar e-readiness values. In the lower group, construction sector has higher e-readiness compared to mining and transporta- tion industries. These can be inferred that manufacturing, service, wholesale and retail sectors have invested more in ICT and e-commerce than the others.
In each dimension, manufacturing has the highest values. In technology, the manu- facturing sector has the highest value of 3.2 while the mining sector has the lowest value of 2.08. This means the manufacturing sector invested more in technology for ICT and e-commerce compared to the mining sector. Similarly, the highest value of 3.33 in management dimension belongs to manufacturing sector and the lowest value of 2.37 belongs to mining sector. In people dimension, the highest value of 3.34 belongs to manufacturing sector and the lowest value of 2.70 belongs to transportation sector.
This is probably people in manufacturing sector have higher ICT literacy than those in transportation. In the process dimension, the highest value of 3.71 belongs to the man- ufacturing sector while the lowest value of 2.10 belongs to service sector. This means
FIGURE4.4: Average e-readiness Level of Firms Grouped by Industries
the manufacturing industry is more flexible, more adaptive to change than the service sector.
TABLE4.4: Average e-readiness of enterprises grouped by size Size Techno. Manag. People Process E-Readi. Level
Medium 2.58 2.91 3.07 2.85 2.85 3
Large 3.15 3.15 3.28 3.27 3.22 3
Table4.4shows the average e-readiness of enterprises grouped by size. As can be seen from the table, large firms have an average e-readiness of 3.22 higher than medium counterparts. Furthermore, in each dimension, large firms have higher value than the medium firms.
TABLE 4.5: Average e-readiness of Enterprises grouped by years in busi- ness
Size Techno. Manag, People Process E-Readi. Level
Less than 2 years 3.79 4.12 3.5 3.88 3.82 4
2 to 5 years 3.36 3.34 3.34 3.48 3.38 3
5 to 10 years 2.6 2.82 3.08 2.91 2.85 3
More than 10 years 2.61 2.88 3.09 2.79 2.84 3
FIGURE4.5: Average E-readiness of Enterprises Grouped by Business Age
Table4.5 presents the average e-readiness of enterprises grouped by year in business and Figure4.5visualizes this information. As can be seen from the table, firms which stay in business less than 2 years have the highest e-readiness value of 3.82 at level 4 while firms staying more than 10 years in business have the lowest e-readiness value of 2.84 and firms staying in business more than 5 years have a similar value of 2.85.
Furthermore, firms which stay in business more than 5 years have the lowest value of 2.60 in technology, 2.82 in management, and 3.08 in people dimension. However, firms staying more than 10 years in business have the lowest value in process. These mean that new founded enterprises invested more in technology, have better planning for e-commerce, have people with higher ICT literacy and more flexible and adaptive to change than the firm stay longer in business.