- Ambient air sampling by specialized equipment.
- Measuring, sampling gas emissions sources by special machines.
Monitoring equipments:
Table 3. 1- Synthesis list of sampling and monitoring equipment
Equipment National
produce Model
1 Equipment measuring of temperature, humidity, wind speed
America Kestrel 4000
2 Equipment of noise measuring with frequency analysis
America SP-SP-2-1/1-10
3 Equipment of vibration Measuring America VI 100
4 Equipment of dust sampling America Staplex
5 Equipment for gas absorption Kimoto Japan Kimoto HS7 6 Equipment for gas absorption Apex America ZC 572-V
7 Equipment of measuring exhaust kiln stack Germany MSI 150 PRO 2-1
8 Portable generators Japan Kw SH 1900
9 Sample preservation cabinet YANMAR Japan CRB-1
21 Table 3. 2- Synthesis of sampling location
Sampling symbols Monitoring location Coordinates A Air
1 KK-3.06.1-1 In the steel rolling area 21033’’N;
105052’320’’E
2 KK-3.O6.1-2 At the billet kiln 21033’450’’N;
105052’315’’E 3 KK-3.06.1-3 At the finished product storage 21033’455’N;
105052’320’’E 4 KK-3.06.1-4 In the factory’s office 21033’450’’N;
105052’373’’E 5 KK-3.06.1-5 At the southern residential area; main
port of TISCO company
21033’478’’N;
105052’767’’E 6 KK-3.06.1-6 In the 17th household of residential
area, Cam Gia Ward, Thai Nguyen City, far 200 meters from the plant to the northeast
21033’790’’N;
105052’778’’E
7 KK-3.O6.1-7 In the residential area to the southwest, far 200m from factory
21033’556’’N;
105052’907’’E B Kiln stack
1 KTOK-3.06.1-1 At the Kiln Stack of factories 21033’503’’N;
105052’196’’E
Characteristics of each sampling location
In the steel rolling area : during producing, thermal pollution may occur in the stages, the total amount of heat being generated by the technology along with solar radiation transmitting through the wall or roof will raise the temperature inside factory.
At the billet kiln: where the air flow moving due to discharging of heat sources. In addition, solar radiation heated roofs, roads and grounds causing the temperature difference and create air movement.
At the finished product storage: The cargo loading-discharging and circulation of vehicles transporting materials and will cause noise pollution and arise dust.
22 In the factory’s office: located near the workshop, with many passing vehicles, including vehicles of employees and containers containing finished product
At the southern residential area: main port of TISCO company: traffic density in this region is the greatest. Exhaust emissions (dust and toxic gases) from the means of transport focus primarily in the main port.
In the 17th household of residential area: Cam Gia Ward, Thai Nguyen City, far 200 meters from the plant to the northeast: This is one of the two nearest residential area is located in a safe distance according to the provisions and lies at the end of downwind.
In the residential area to the southwest: far 200m from factory: This is one of the two nearest residential area is located in a safe distance according to the provisions.
At the Kiln Stack of factories: discharging fumes contain hazardous substances such as NH3, NOx, SO2 and large amounts of dust, heat in the kiln stack is also extremely high. Therefore the concentration of contaminants can diffuse into the atmosphere.
Sampling conditions
The sampling process was equipped sufficiently with equipment, vehicles and manpower.
During sampling, factory produced normally. Weather: cloudy, no rain Sampling methods
23 Table 3. 3- Sampling methods according to TCVN standard
TT Parameters Code Standard 1
Dust TSP TCVN 5067:1995
Air quality - Weighing method for determination of dust content
2
Kiln stack Dust
TCVN 5977:2009
Stationary source emissions. Manual determination of mass concentration of particulate matter.
3 Noise TCVN 7878- 2:2010
Acoustics – Desription, measurement and assessment of environmental noise
4
SO2 TCVN
5971:1995
Ambient air - Determination of the mass concentration of sulfur dioxide Tetrachloromercurate (TCM) pararosaniline method.
5 NO2 (NOx)
TCVN 6137:2009
Ambient air - Determination of mass concentration of nitrogen dioxide - Modified Griess-Saltzman method
TCVN 7172:2002
Ambient air - Determination of the mass concentration of nitrogen oxides. Photometric method using naphtyletylendiamin.
6
CO, NO2 Decision 3733/2002/B YT
Decision promulgate 21 occupational hygiene standards, 05 principles and 07 of occupational hygiene parameters
Sampling technicalities
For sampling ambient air, the height from the ground 1.2 to 1.5 m, is the height respectively range of human breath, avoid rough dirt influence. For gas emissions sources, measured and collected directly at source. Sampling, measuring and analysing according to ISO and ISO respectively:
24 Table 3. 4- Sampling technicalities
Aim Carry out measuring of
temperature, odor, noise
- Conducting as directed
Sampling dust
- Using tongs to take the filter paper , then placed into the hopper
- Inserting the filterless into the sampling pump - Giving an necessary amount for receivers
- Using tongs to take filter paper and put into storage box - Recording volume, temperature, humidity, pressure
Sampling CO
- Bring sterilized bottle and pumped to the place of sampling - Using a pump to suck needed amount of air into the bottle - add PdCl2 (or closed lid, immerse it in cold water during 30minutes, then add PdCl2)
- Using bottle to pour distilled water that brought to the place of sampling, pouring water into another bottle, then proceed adding PdCl2 as above
Sampling CO2
- Bring sterilized bottle and pumped to the place of sampling - Sucking air into the bottle+20 ml Barit solution, then closed lid (immerse this bottle in cold water during 30 minutes the add Barit)
- Using bottle to pour distilled water in to another bottle +20ml of Barit solution as above
Sampling NH3
- Add to 2 serial absorber tube with 5ml absorbed solution in each tube
- Operating pump and get the necessary amount
- Close lid and record necessary data of volume, temperature, pressure.
Sampling NOX
- Add to 2 serial absorber tube with 5ml absorbed solution in each tube
- Operating pump and get the necessary amount
- Close lid and record data of volume, temperature, pressure
Sampling SO2
- Add to 2 serial absorber tube with 5ml absorbed solution in each tube
- Operating pump and get the necessary amount
- Close lid and record data of volume, temperature, pressure