Chủ ngữ + Động
từ
Tân ngữ giới thiệu
trước ỉt
Bổ ngữ (tính từ, danh từ)
Tân ngữ thực (động từ nguyên thể, động danh từ,
mệnh đề) Weall
consider it wrong to cheat in examination.
I found it difficult to refuse his invitation.
I think it a pity to waste them.
We think it most to your climbing the
dangerous mountain alone.
I think it a pity that you didn't try harder.
I took it for granted that you would stay with us.
Nhận xét:
Trong những câu thí dụ trên it là tân ngữ giới thiệu trưóc, thay cho những tân ngữ thực ỏ cột 4.
Bài tập
2. Điền vào chỗ trống bằng dạng It is và giải thích những câu dưới đây.
1. ... a pity that he is so stupid.
2. ... a long time ago.
3. ... early when we left home.
4. ... a wonder that you didn’t hurt yourself.
5. ... not very far to walk.
6.... wonderful to see you again next week.
7. ... wrong to think that those people are greedy for money.
8. ... cruel to beat a boy like that.
9. ... possible that he doesn’t understand English?
10. ... time to go to bed.
11. ... most delightful to sit by the fire with a book.
12. ... he who helped me in my work.
13. ... they who showed US the way through the forest.
14. ... his mother, not his father, who said that.
15. ... the training that he had as a young man that made him such a good engineer.
3. Dùng it là đại từ tân ngữ giới thiệu trước viết lại những càu dưới đây.
Thí dụ:
- We all consider that it is wrong to cheat in examination.
We all consider it wrong to cheat in examination.
-1 think that it is a pity to waste them.
I think it a pity to waste them.
1. We all consider that it is wrong to cheat in examination.
2. Don't you think that it is unwise to climb the mountain without a guide?
3. We think that it is most dangerous for you to climb the mountain alone.
4.1 found that it was very difficult to refuse him his request.
5. Do you think it is strange that he hasn’t eaten any meat since he was a boy?
6.1 believe that it is very hard to undertake this work.
7. I suppose you think it is very odd that I have to change my room.
8. We consider that it is a sacred duty to serve our country.
9. He imagines that it is very interesting to fly to the moon in a spaceship.
10. He found that it was hard to solve this problem.
One
Lời ghi: "One là đại từ bất định có nghĩa là "ngưòi ta". One có thể dùng làm chủ ngữ và tân ngữ.
Chủ ngữ One uses milk for making butter and cheese.
One must be careful when driving a car.
Tân ngữ This book gives one a good idea of the National Liberation movement throughout the world.
Tuy nhiên người ta không hay dùng nó. Đe diễn tả cùng một ý trên thông thưòng người ta
a) Dùng dạng bị động:
Milk is used for making butter and cheese.
b) Thay one bằng we, you, they (chủ ngữ), US, you, them (tân ngữ) You (we) must be careful when driving a car.
This book gives you (us) a good idea of the National Liberation movement throughout the world.
They say we shall have a hot summer.
Nhưng người ta hay dùng dạng sở hữu One's khi ngụ ý chung:
It is easy to lose one's way in a big town.
It is a pity to waste away one's time.
IL TÍNH TỪ VÀ ĐẠI TỪ SỞ HỮU (Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns) 1. Giới thiệu
Tính từ sỏ hữu Đại từ sỏ hữu
my mine
your yours
his his
her hers
its its
our ours
your yours
their theirs
Thí du:
That is my book. That book is mine.
That is his book. That book is his.
That is your book. That book is yours That is her book. That book is hers.
That is our book. That book is ours.
That is their book. That book is theirs.
(Chú ý: ở ngôi thứ hai số ít, trong văn cổ và thơ người ta dùng Thy (Possessive adjective) và Thine (Possessive Pronoun).
2. Cách dùng
a) Tính từ sở hữu hợp với "người" hoặc "vật" có quyển sở hữu. Nó không thay đổi theo giốhg và số (giống đực, giống cái... số’ ít, số’
nhiều...) của dạng từ chỉ vật thuộc quyền sở hữu.
Thí dụ:
I have a pencil. It is my pencil.
She has a pencil. It is her pencil.
He has many pencils. They are his pencils.
A tree drops its leaves in autumn.
A dog wags its tail when it is happy.
*
* *
My mother, my father, my brother (s), my sister (s)
My book (s), his father, his brother (s), his sister (s), his book (s) b) Đại từ sở hữu được dùng để thay thế cho tính từ sở hữu 4- danh từ.
Thí dụ:
I have my pen; have you got yours (= your pen?).
Is this my English book?
No, it isn't yours (“ your English book).
It is mine (= my English book).
Are these their books?
No, they aren’t theirs (- their books).
They are ours (= our books).
Chú ý: Đại từ sỏ hữu Its rất hiếm khi được dùng.
c) Ghi nhó:
... of mine = one of my...
... of yours = one of your...
... of his = one of his... etc...
Thí dụ:
He is a friend of mine = He is one of my friends.
A sister of hers = One of her sisters.
Bài tập
4. Điền ưào chỗ trống bằng tính từ hoặc đại từ sở hữu.
1. I see that he has lost... pencil; perhaps you can lend him.
2. Tell him not to forget... ticket; she mustn't forget... either.
3. We have taken our share, has she taken...?
4.1 gave him some plants of... in exchange for some of...
5. Nam has come to see me, ... father and... were school friends.
6. He wants you to return a book of... you borrowed last week.
7. You said you would introduce me to a friend of... who had a very good dictionary.
8. This is not our class-room, ... is on the first floor.
9. She wants to know if you have seen a book of ... lying about somewhere.
10. She had no pen, so I gave her...