The economic policies of the Party and the State have had a fundamental change after 1986, opening up tremendous opportunities for socio-economic development, in which the diversity of economic sectors is the leap to mark the participation of all the inhabitants in the process of building and developing the country. The policy of comprehensive renovation set out in the 6th Congress of the party was the turning point of the economic thinking of the party and State aiming to eradicate subsidized and bureaucratic centralized economy shifting to market economy of Socialist orientation under the management of the State.
That has profound impact on the lives of Mang Ethnic Group in Vietnam.
4.3.2. Society - culture
August revolution success in 1945 found the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. This is a great leap of our country marking the collapse of the feudal, colonial regime to open a new era for Vietnamese nation.
Especially after 1954, the peace was restored throughout the region, leading to a complete change of the social structure of the nation, including Mang Ethnic Group. Feudalism, oppressive, exploitative rule was replaced by a progressive society managed by the unified political system operated under the leadership of the party and the State, guaranteeing democratic rights and freedom for all people.
Further exchanges of cultural variation are innovative, universal, objective, with respect to the development of culture and society. People, culture of Mang ethnic group in Vietnam is also in the operation of the rule, the exchanges, more frequent variations in the direction of Mang ethnic group culture of receiving more new elements which have made Mang Ethnic Group’s cultural more abundant and diversified, but there is also a cause to transform their traditional culture.
4.3.3. Policy and legislation
The Central Conference Resolution 5, course VIII of the Party is the official text which has a tremendous impact on the preservation and promotion of cultural values of peoples in Vietnam. Followed by a series of documents, directives, decisions about marriage, funeral, festivals and cultural conservation ... have been directly or indirectly altering the traditional culture of Mang Ethnic Group. However, this is appropriate and necessary in the context of the need to preserve and promote the cultural values of peoples today.
4.3.4. A number of ethnic group factors,
Family ritual variation of Mang Ethnic Group is also due from the perceptions and actions of the subject of culture-that is the intrinsic elements of Mang Ethnic Group. It may be said that the change of the living environment has opened the social door for Mang Ethnic Group for integration, exchange, receiving of the change of the outside world, it changes the perception of the people and themselves aware of the need to change towards better life.
SUB-SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 4
The result content and discussion in this chapter have overviewed the full contributions and new findings about science through research on the family rituals of Mang Ethnic Group in Vietnam. Besides, the
comments are the author's discussion on a number of issues that need further research, dealt with in the next period, to complete additional research on Mang Ethnic Group in Vietnam.
With the focus direction research results into three basic contents:1) general results, 2) A number of cultural characteristics of ethnic group through family rituals, 3) family ritual role in the cultural life of ethnic group, the thesis has taken the most basic results through practical research, help the reader identify the typical culture of Mang Ethnic Group through the cultural characteristics. And reviewing the family ritual role in the current context to identify the positive aspects in order to preserve, promote and limit these roles which are no longer consistent with present life.
Through the family ritual research of Mang Ethnic Group, we discover the typical features for the ritual system and deeply humane, such as solidarity, sharing, mutual assistance,... the essential influence of family rituals for living people, Mang Ethnic Group through roles and ritual practices of value in community life, have been directly or indirectly enrich people, cultural identity, consciousness, human behavior with the behavior relationship in social life.
Also through practical research we found that these issues have not been deep understanding by the objective and subjective conditions, it should be given the necessary discussion and further research directions, such as the issue of the influence of the new religion, the conflict between rituals and economic savings, the issue of the role of people with credibility in the community, the issue of agricultural production in the new context, cultural conservation issue associated with socio- economic development of peoples, the issue of national consciousness and the sense of ethnic nationalist of Mang Ethnic Group in Vietnam in the current new context,...
Chapter 5
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 5.1. RESULTS
5.1.1. Some general results
Rituals is the expression of social consciousness, the distilled essence of people life, so it would be the reserve of many cultural elements, slowly changed than practicality social life of Mang Ethnic Group. The thesis has contributed the necessary resources for the further
study of Mang Ethnic Groups, especially the beliefs and rituals; the basis for the comparative study of Mang ethnic group with other people to see more comprehensive cultural values of the current Mang Ethnic Group.
The study also pointed out the value of family rituals against the moral education, cohesive families, uniting the community, promote the value of traditional culture, ...
5.1.2. Some ethnic group cultural values through the family rituals
Those who have credibility in the community, such as religious teachers, tellers, matchmakers, leaders of mountain villages ... have prominent roles in the traditional family rituals of Mang Ethnic Group.
They are not only the ones who review, judge, lead but also directly perform the rituals connected to the world of "sacred" and the world
"mundane". Sacrifice in rituals show the traditional culture of Mang Ethnic Group and the cultural interference of neighborhood people, especially Thais Ethnic Group. Sacrifice can be classified into 3 main groups, the 1st group is the animals included: chickens, pigs, squirrels, mice, fish, ...the 02nd group is the sacred objects such as pieces of cloth, wax sticks, ...And the 03rd group consists of objects for later use as ritual:
saucepans, carry baskets, bem, pestle, ...
In marriage, in law is a hard time but it is also the opportunity for boys to show their ability with the girl's family. Singing, loving singing is special culture of Mang Ethnic Group that reflects the diversified and abundant folklore treasures of ethnic group. The "mystery" mentality in the rituals and healing is a common cultural feature found in the ethnic minorities, in which Mang Ethnic Group is a vivid example. Sacrifice chickens, pigs are interested cultural characteristics of Mang Ethnic Group, it represents the consciousness and conception of human birth, their world view.
The family ritual research shows that there has not been the division between the social layers in Mang Ethnic Group in Vietnam.
The couple's ideas show the erotic and proliferate concept of Mang Ethnic Group expressed through occupational rituals. The remnant Matriarchy is shown quite clearly over the role of the woman in some rituals, such as worship spirits of rice, diet, opening barn, new rice, worship of maternal family ...Living with respect and in harmony with nature is typical characteristic of farming ethnic groups in general and Mang Ethnic Group in particular. Space and the stylization via relocation
ritual and immigration ritual as a large stage reflect the ethnic abundant thinking on the world view and outlook on life. The ritual system of life- cycle, security, ancestor and god worship is quite varied, but the rituals of Mang Ethnic Group are very limited except for the ritual system of agriculture. Public holidays were introduced into Mang Ethnic Group since 1986. The previous document had mentioned two great rituals.
This is the product of interference, to transform the culture of Mang Ethnic Group with Vietnamese people.
5.1.3.The role of family rituals in the cultural life of Mang Ethnic Group
Family rituals are very important in the cultural life of Mang Ethnic Group, which reflects the real world and the spiritual world through their own sense that can show via: rituals is the characteristic means of expression for ethnic group culture; family rituals contribute to reduce the pressure of life, create the trust for individuals, families and communities; contribute to strengthening the unity of individuals, families and community; as moral education for lifestyle, people are always clear and it contributes to preserve and promote traditional culture values of ethnic groups.